| Piú viste - MOON |
Kaguya-005-20071107.jpgThe Western Side of the Oceanus Procellarum88 visiteCaption JAXA:"This is a still image taken out from the end part of the second moving image taking.
We can observe a crater called "Repsold," whose diameter is (about) 107 Km, at the center on the near side of this image. The channel that crosses this crater is called the "Repsold Valley", and its length is about 180 Km (equivalent to the distance between Tokyo and Shizuoka, on the Tokaido Line in Japan). The shooting time was 05:51, on October 31st, 2007.MareKromium
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004-Kaguya-20071009_kaguya_06l.jpgKaguya is approaching the Moon (2)88 visiteCaption JAXA:"Almost the same area as in the previous image, but closer to the Moon".
(This image was taken around 15:00 on Oct. 5th (JST) at a distance of about 1.200 Km from the Moon)MareKromium
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Kaguya-033-Haruyama2009Fig1_context.jpgWindow onto an abyss: Cave Skylight on the Moon! (CTX Frame)88 visiteSu segnalazione della nostra sempre attentissima Amica e Partner, Elisabetta Bonora (alias "2di7"), la recente possibile scoperta di un Collapse Pit situato sulla nostra Luna, nella Regione dell'Oceano delle Tempeste (Oceanus Procellarum) ed in prossimità del complesso collinare noto come "Marius Hills".
Eccovi l'interessante articolo scritto al riguardo da Emily Lakdawalla (Planetary Society):"This just in: researchers on JAXA's Kaguya Lunar Orbiter have discovered an open pit on the Moon that is likely a window onto a sublunar world -- a skylight into a subsurface cavern.
Junichi Haruyama, Kazuyuki Hioki, Motomaro Shirao, Tomokatsu Morota, Harald Hiesinger, Carolyn van der Bogert, Hideaki Miyamoto, Akira Iwasaki, Yasuhiro Yokots, Makiko Ohtake, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Seiichi Hara, Shunsuke Nakanotani, and Carlé Pieters describe the feature in a paper now in press in Geophysical Research Letters: "Possible lunar lava tube skylight observed by SELENE cameras.
"First, some context. The Moon will be a difficult, but not impossible, place to set up a permanent human outpost. Lacking a protective atmosphere, its surface is bathed in punishing solar radiation, not to mention a continuous rain of micrometeorites; and over the course of a lunar day (that is, about a month) its temperature ranges over more than 200 degrees Celsius (more than 450 degrees Fahrenheit). Many workers imagining future human habitation of the Moon have advanced the idea of setting up the colony inside a shelter that would provide some protection from the hazards of space radiation and the challenge of insulating against such extremes of temperature.
Digging such a shelter would be a major engineering project; we could get a head start on things if we could find a natural cave. The Moon doesn't have Earth-type limestone rocks bathed in acidic subsurface water, but there is another type of environment that might produce underground caverns: hollow lava tubes. The Moon once had active volcanic geology that has left its surface carved by numerous "sinuous rilles", some of which may once have been underground lava tubes like the ones that form on the flanks of Kilauea today. But while there are lots of rilles to be seen on the Moon, no one has ever confirmed the presence of an enclosed tube, with an intact roof, that could be used as a shelter. One study did find several possible locations where there were likely intact tubes present next to collapsed tube sections (link takes you to a 1.4 MB PDF of a paper by Cassandra Coombs and Ray Hawke), but could not confirm the presence of intact tubes. There are probably lots of intact tubes, but how to find where they're hidden?
The answer is to look for skylights, black holes in the lunar surface that are openings onto sublunar caverns. Skylights are common on Earth, and they've even been seen on the flanks of Martian volcanoes. But despite decades of searching, no one has ever discovered a lunar skylight.
Until now. Haruyama and his coauthors examined Kaguya Terrain Camera photos of an area on the Moon that is populated by numerous rilles, the volcanic complex of the Marius Hills on the lunar nearside. And their search was rewarded with the discovery of exactly one black hole too deep to be an impact crater. The hole is located at 303.3°E and 14.2°N and is, suggetively, in the middle of a small rille. It is nearly circular, 65 meters in diameter, and is equidistant from the rille walls, 250 meters on either side. Previous missions did not image it at high enough resolution to allow scientists to distinguish it from a small impact crater.
Kaguya imaged it nine times, five with the Terrain Camera and four with the lower-resolution Multi-band Imager, at a wide variety of solar incidence angles and camera look angles. A little trigonometry allowed Haruyama et al. to determine that the hole is 80 to 88 meters deep, with very steep walls. The fact that it's deeper than it is wide means it's definitely not an impact crater. But is it a cave skylight? Its location in the dead center of a rille is suggestive, but volcanic environments have a couple of other ways to make pits, such as volcanic vents. But Haruyama et al. determined that a skylight into an underground lava tube is the most likely explanation for this feature; moreover, they figured out that the cavern should be at least 370 meters wide. That's quite a lot of space to work with!
The team searched for more skylights in the region, but only found this one, and as far as they know, it's the only one anybody has ever spotted on the Moon. They concluded: "This is a potentially important discovery for both studies of lunar volcanology and future human outposts....the Marius Hills region has long been considered an important and accessible exploration target, both scientifically and technically. Indeed, the discovery of the Marius Hills Hole further supports the importance of the Marius Hills region as a future exploration target."
This hole is probably not the place we'd establish a permanent base. I imagine that a place that requires a vertical descent and ascent wouldn't be optimal. You'd probably really want one that you could drive into -- an intact tube next to a collapsed part, like the possible ones identified by Coombs and Hawke, and probably ideally with a North or South-facing opening so it wouldn't get blasted by Sunlight at either end of the Lunar Day. I'm smiling now, because I'm thinking about how far humans have come as a species: we're beginning to expand into space, but we're still doing what our forebears did hundreds of thousands (or more) years ago, looking for a nice cave to establish our hearth in.
I want to thank Carolyn van der Bogert for providing the Kaguya images from this paper. Carolyn is also on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) team, and told me that LROC has this site on its list of things yet to photograph on the Moon. She said they'll try to photograph it, as Kaguya did, at a variety of solar incidence angles, to get good looks at both the walls of the pit and the floor it opens onto.
LROC should improve on the resolution of the Kaguya imaging by a factor of more than ten, so I'm looking forward to those photos!MareKromium
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LRO-2500-Bessel_Crater.jpgBessel (possible Natural Colors on a Radar Image; credits: Dr Paolo C. Fienga - Lunexit Team)88 visiteMini-RF S-band Zoom Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image strip through central Mare Serenitatis on the Near-Side of the Moon (approx. Long. of the strip ~ 18° East; center Lat. ~ 20° North).
The radar strip runs through the crater Bessel (inset; approx. 15 km (or about 9 mile) diameter; center at 21,8° North Lat. and 17,9° East Long.) and covers the highlands of the Haemus Mountains (on the Rim of the Serenitatis Basin) in its Southern (bottom) third.
The full-resolution SAR data are 30 mt (90 feet). The Streaks of bright and dark material in the Walls of Bessel probably reflect the blockiness of Landslides within the Crater, brighter Streaks having more blocks of the 10-cm (4") scale.
The radar strip covers a major geological boundary in Mare Serenitatis; the darker, lower Maria has higher Titanium content than central Serenitatis. We see this geological boundary in the Mini-RF radar image, caused by higher absorption of RF energy by the high content of the Iron-Titanium Oxide mineral "Ilmenite".
Thus, Mini-RF SAR images can be used to map the Titanium content of the Lunar Maria. The background image is part of the Clementine global mosaic.MareKromium
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Panoramic-AS17-134-20414-20420.jpgFrom AS 17-134-20414 until 20420 (EVA-1; Station 1 - East Massif; Bear Mountain; South Massif) 88 visitenessun commentoMareKromium
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Luna-02.jpgLunar Surface88 visiteThe radar images obtained by the Chinese Rover Yutu-2 have been combined with previous geological information to reveal the Subsurface Geological Structure of the Von Kármán Crater which, apparently, underwent various Geological Processes, including Basaltic Magmatism, Ejecta Coverage and the interaction of Volcanic Eruptive Clastics and Lava.MareKromium
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Luna-06.jpgThe Chinese-Twins88 visiteJust after midnight (UTC) on February 1, 2019, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) passed nearly overhead the Chang'e 4 Landing Site. From an altitude of about 82 Km the LROC Narrow Angle Camera - pixel scale was 0,85 mt (such as approx. 33"), allowed a sharper view of the Lander as well as the Yutu-2 Rover. At the time the Rover was about 29 mt North-West of the Lander, but the Rover has likely moved since the image was acquired. This view has close to the smallest pixel size possible in the current LRO orbit. In the future however, LROC will continue to image the Site as the lighting changes, and the Rover (just to check if they are fine, of course...).MareKromium
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LRO-3003-Gruithuisen_Domes.pngGruithuisen Domes88 visitenessun commentoMareKromium
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APOLLO 16 AS 16 113-18327.jpgAS 16-113-18327 - Moon Panorama (13) - the Hills87 visitenessun commento
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APOLLO 4 AS 04-01-307.jpgAS 04-01-307 - The "Blue Planet" in transit (3)87 visitenessun commento
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APOLLO 16 AS 16 114-18418.jpgAS 16-114-18418 - Moonscape with craters (1)87 visiteNessuna autentica anomalia in questa serie di 5 frames consecutivi: solo un paesaggio Lunare decisamente suggestivo, caratterizzato da due crateri, posti uno accanto all'altro.
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![22-Dawes Crater-lo5_m70[1].jpg](albums/userpics/10008/small_22-Dawes%20Crater-lo5_m70%5B1%5D.jpg "Nome del file=22-Dawes Crater-lo5_m70[1].jpg
Dimensione del file=224KiB
Dimensioni=938x1121
Aggiunta il=Gen 23, 2005")
22-Dawes Crater-lo5_m70[1].jpgDawes Crater87 visiteCaption NASA originale:"Lunar Orbiter 5 image of Dawes Crater. Dawes Crater is 18 Km in diameter and appears to be a relatively young Lunar Lrater. The Crater is about 600 m deep. North is up (Lunar Orbiter 5, frame M-70)".
Nota: questo frame, sebbene molto suggestivo, è pesantemente intaccato dalla presenza di artefatti fotografici.
Attenzione, quindi, allorchè operate analisi ed interpretazioni.
Location & Time Information
Date/Time (UT): 1967-08-12 T 16:03:49
Distance/Range (km): 116
Central Latitude/Longitude (deg): +17.30/026.33
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