| Piú viste - The Soviet "Moon Programme" |
Luna12-2.jpgLunar Surface from Luna 12 (2)127 visiteLuna 22: launched on June, 2, 1974 - LO;
Luna 23: launched on October, 28, 1974 - Landed in Mare Crisium;
Luna 24: launched on August, 14, 1976 - Landed on the Moon on the18th at 02:00:00 UT (Lat. 12,75° N; Long. 62,20° E - Mare Crisium - Lunar Sample Return).
Zond 3: launched on July, 18, 1965 - Lunar Fly-By;
Zond 4: launched on March, 2, 1968 - Lunar Test Flight;
Zond 5: launched on September, 15, 1968 - Circumlunar - returned to Earth on the 21st of September, 1968;
Zond 6: launched on November, 10, 1968 - Circumlunar - returned to Earth on the 17th of November;
Zond 7: launched on August, 7, 1969 - Circumlunar - returned to Earth on the 14th of August;
Zond 8: launched on October, 20, 1970 - Circumlunar - returned to Earth on the 27th of October
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Luna17_Lander_1.jpgLuna 17 Lander from atop (EDM)127 visitenessun commentoMareKromium
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Luna03-27farside.JPGThe Far-Side of the Moon125 visiteThe Soviet Lunar Programme had 20 successful missions to the Moon and achieved a number of notable lunar "firsts": first probe to impact the Moon, first Fly-By and image of the Lunar Far-Side, first soft landing, first Lunar Orbiter and the first circumlunar probe to return to Earth. The two successful series of Soviet Probes were the Luna (24 Missions) and the Zond (5 Missions).
All the data gathered from the successful Missions were photographic in nature, except for the Lunar Libration data from the Luna 21 Orbiter. Lunar Fly-By Missions (Luna 3, Zond 3, 6, 7, 8) obtained photographs of the Lunar Surface, particularly the limb and Far-Side Regions. The Zond 6, 7 and 8 Missions circled the Moon and returned to Earth where they were recovered: Zond 6 and 7 in Siberia and Zond 8 in the Indian Ocean. The purpose of the photography experiments on the Lunar Landers (Luna 9, 13, 22) was to obtain closeup images of the surface of the Moon for use in lunar studies and determination of the feasibility of manned lunar landings.
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Lunokhod_2_Rover.jpgLook at that! The Lunokhod 2 Rover, from LRO125 visiteLunokhod 2 Rover, note its tracks tracing its route southward. The enlargement is specially stretched to show the form of the Rover, the brighest area may be the open clamshell lid, ~400 meters wide.MareKromium
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Luna17-Horz23-b.jpgUnnamed small crater ahead122 visitenessun commento
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Zond-08-01.jpgEarthrise, from ZOND-8122 visiteZond-8 was launched from an Earth orbiting platform, Tyazheliy Sputnik (70-088B), towards the Moon, on October, 20, 1970. The announced objectives were the investigations of the Moon and Circum-Lunar Space and the testing of onboard systems and units. The spacecraft obtained photographs of the Earth on October 21, from a distance of 64.480 Km. The spacecraft transmitted flight images of the Earth for 3 days. Zond-8 flew past the Moon on October 24, 1970, at a distance of 1110,4 Km and obtained both b/w and color photographs of the Lunar Surface. Scientific measurements were also obtained during the flight.
Zond-8 reentered the Earth's atmosphere and splashed down in the Indian Ocean on October 27, 1970.
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Luna17-Horz31-b.jpgRover tracks120 visitenessun commento
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Zond-03-00.jpgZOND-3: the Spacecraft120 visiteZond 3 was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (65-056B) Earth orbiting platform towards the Moon and Interplanetary Space on July, 18, 1965. The spacecraft was equipped with an f106 mm camera and TV system that provided automatic inflight film processing. On July 20, Lunar Fly-by occurred approximately 33 hours after launch and at a closest approach of 9200 Km. 25 pictures of very good quality were taken of the Lunar Far-Side from distances of 11.570 to 9960 Km over a period of about 68'.
The photos covered 19.000.000 square-Km of the Lunar Surface.
Photo transmissions by facsimile were returned to Earth from a distance of 2,2 MKM and were retransmitted from a distance of 31,5 MKM (some signals still being transmitted from the distance of the orbit of Mars), thus proving the ability of the communications system.
After the Lunar Fly-by, Zond 3 continued its space exploration moving in a heliocentric orbit.
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Luna21-D.jpgLuna 21 and Lunokhod 2: a new "Moon-Walk"120 visiteThe Luna 21 spacecraft landed on the Moon and deployed the second Soviet Lunar Rover (Lunokhod 2). The primary objectives of the mission were to collect images of the Lunar Surface, examine ambient light levels to determine the feasibility of astronomical observations from the Moon, perform laser ranging experiments from Earth, observe solar X-rays, measure local magnetic fields, and study mechanical properties of the Lunar Surface material.
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Luna17-Horz32b.jpgLunar Surface from Luna 17 (1)119 visitenessun commento
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Zond-08-08.jpgLunar Limb and setting Earth, from ZOND-8 (1)119 visitenessun commento
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Luna17-Horz27.jpgLunokhod-1 rolls inside a small crater (1)117 visiteLe tracce lasciate dal Rover Sovietico Lunokhod-1 sono chiare: il piccolo robot è riuscito non solo a giungere sul bordo del piccolo cratere senza nome che abbiamo visto nel frame precedente, ma ci è anche entrato dentro, senza particolari problemi.
Il Lunokhod-1 è entrato ed è uscito dal cratere e, probabilmente, è anche riuscito a prelevare campioni ed a fare esperimenti: non c'è male per una tecnologia bistrattata come quella della fu-Unione Sovietica.
Una tecnologia, per giunta, vecchia di 36 anni...
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