| Piú viste - SMART-1: the Moon from ESA |
Z-102-smart1_crash_location_H.jpgThe "Impact Location" (1)83 visitenessun commento
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00-SMART1.jpgSMART-1 and the Moon82 visiteSMART-1's science payload, with a total mass of some 15 Kg, features many innovative instruments and advanced technologies. These are:
- AMIE, a miniaturised HR camera for Lunar Surface imaging;
- SIR, a Near-Infrared Point-Spectrometer for Lunar mineralogy investigation;
- D-CIXS, a very compact X-ray Spectrometer with a new type of detector and micro-collimator which will provide fluorescence spectroscopy and imagery of the Moon's surface elemental composition;
- XSM, an X-ray monitor to support D-CIXS by providing measurements of solar X-ray emission for calibration:
- KaTE, an experiment aimed at demonstrating deep-space telemetry and telecommand communications in the X and Ka-bands;
- RSIS, a Radio-Science Experiment relying on KaTE. It monitors the electric propulsion by means of tracking techniques. In lunar orbit it will, with AMIE, also study the Moon's libration.
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34-Apollo 11 LS-1888_40L_Hi.jpgThe "Apollo 11 Landing Site"82 visiteCaption ESA originale:"This image, taken by the Advanced Moon Imaging Experiment (AMIE) on board ESA’s SMART-1 spacecraft, shows the Apollo 11 Landing Site in the Mare Tranquillitatis Region of the Moon.
AMIE obtained the image on 5 February 2006 from a distance of 1764 Km from the surface, with a ground resolution of 159 mt per pixel.
The imaged area is centred at a Long. of 23,9º East, close to the Moon Equator, at 1,7º North Latitude.
The area is close to crater Moltke (outside the field of view of this image) in the Mare Tranquilitatis Region. The arrow shows the Landing Site of Apollo 11, where the first men from Earth set foot on another object in our Solar System, on 20 July 1969. The two prominent craters nearby are named after two of the Apollo 11 Astronauts. The first man on the Moon, Armstrong, has a crater named after him outside the field of this image".
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99-Orbite01_H.jpgThe "end" of SMART-180 visiteCaption ESA originale:"This artist's impression shows the trajectory of ESA SMART-1 Spacecraft in the final phase of its mission, due to end through a small impact on the Lunar Surface.
After two weeks of manoeuvres started on 19 June and concluded on 2 July 2006, the impact is now set to occur on the Near Side and most probably at 05:41 UT (such as 07:41 Central Europe Standard Time) on 3 September 2006".
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35-Lomonosov Crater-AMI_EAE3_001856_00042_00038.jpgLomonosov Crater79 visiteCaption ESA originale:"This image, taken by the Advanced Moon Imaging Experiment (AMIE) on board ESA’s SMART-1 spacecraft, shows crater Lomonosov, on the Moon’s Far (or "Dark") Side.
AMIE obtained the image on 30 January 2006 from a distance of about 2100 Km from the surface, with a ground resolution of 190 mt per pixel. The imaged area is centred at a Latitude of 27,8º North and a Longitude of 98,6º East.
Crater Lomonosov is a nice example for a large crater (92 Km of diameter) which was filled by lava after the impact, thus exhibiting a flat floor. The terraced walls indicate 'slumping', that is sliding of the rocks downwards due to gravity after the end of the impact. The small craters inside Lomonosov are the result of impacts into this lava floor which happened after the formation of Lomonosov".
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65-smart-1_data1002887_007_H.jpgCraters and Highlands79 visitenessun commento
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Z-100-observation_SMART-1_hawaii_H.jpgImpact Time (the sequence)!78 visiteCaption ESA originale:"This impressive sequence of SMART-1 impact images was captured by the 3,6-meter optical/infrared Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), Hawaii, 3 September 2006.
The CFHT observed the projected impact area between 07:00 - 08:44 CEST (05:00 06:44 UT). The impact flash lasted only about 1 millisecond. It may have been caused by the thermal emission from the impact itself or by the release of spacecraft volatiles, such as the small amount of hydrazine fuel remaining on board".
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13-Billy Crater.jpgBilly Crater (HR)77 visiteCrater Billy, located at 50,1° West and 13,8° South on the Lunar Surface at the southern edge of Oceanus Procellarum, has a diameter of 46 Km and is up to 1,3 Km deep.
Billy is filled with dark mare material and is one of the darkest spots on the Lunar Surface. The crater is deemed to be of age class 5 - indicating an ancient crater [in this case at least 3,2 BY old] and filled, or partially filled with lava.
The image represents a composite made from two raw images (i.e. no flat field or other corrections have been applied) of the region taken one orbit apart.
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72-moon_northpole 2.jpgThe Lunar North Pole (2)76 visiteCaption ESA originale:"(...) This picture is valuable as it shows illumination conditions at the Region. It is important to understand global illumination conditions to help in planning the location of future landing sites and, later, possible bases on the Moon".
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14-De Gasparis Crater.jpgDe Gasparis Crater74 visiteDe Gasparis is a small to medium sized crater 30 Km in diamater located on the western flank of Mare Humorum. The rim of the crater is worn and eroded. The interior has, at some point, been flooded by lava and sits around 0,8 Km below the surrounding surface. The crater is intersected by a number of rimae including, running from top-left to lower-right of the crater, a part of the 93 Km long Rimae De Gasparis.
Due to the consistent depth of the rimae it evidently formed after the crater and is possibly associated with the tectonic activity which saw the infilling of the crater.
The crater is named after the Italian Astronomer Annibale de Gasparis (1819-1892, director of the observatory in Naples, Italy and discoverer of 9 asteroids). Along with the crater and rimae, asteroid 4279 is also named in his honour.
The image represents raw data and no flat field or other corrections have been applied.
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16-Lichtenberg Crater.jpgLichtenberg Crater (HR)74 visiteAn image of the prominent crater Lichtenberg with a diameter of 20 Km. The crater shows a 1300 mt height difference between crater floor and surrounding lava plain. The actual target of this observation was the 'ghost' crater on the lower left of Lichtenberg. It is almost hidden by overflown lava from Oceanus Procellarum in which it is located. This area is of high geological interest and it was selected for the study of the most recent lunar volcanism. It is thought to contain the youngest basalts on the Lunar Surface, with an age of about 1000 MY. Recent data show that lunar volcanism was active for at least 2000 MY from 4000 MY ago, ceasing at about 2000 MY. In Oceanus Procellarum, it is thought that these basalts are the youngest basalts on the lunar surface with an age of less than 1000 MY. This should be compared with the age of the Moon at about 4500 MY. This crater is named after the German physicist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742-1799) who was professor at the newly formed Goettingen University.
Nota: a nostro parere, questa caption ESA è - sostanzialmente - del tutto incomprensibile ed anche errata. Nel momento in cui si sostiene, infatti, che il vulcanismo lunare è cessato da svariate centinaia di milioni di anni (o anche di più), implicitamente si dice che alcuni grandissimi Astronomi della nostra Storia, da Galileo a Flammarion (i quali hanno assistito a possibili eventi vulcanici lunari classificati come TLP nel famoso NASA Technical Report R-277), erano e sono, in realtà, dei "visionari".
Triste, come sempre; molto triste.
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25-Crater Hopmann.jpgA postcard from the Far-Side: Hopmann Crater73 visiteThis image, taken by the advanced Moon Imaging Experiment (AMIE) on board ESA’s SMART-1 spacecraft, shows one quarter of crater Hopmann - an impact structure about 88 Km in diameter.
AMIE obtained this image on January, 25th, 2006 from a distance of about 840 Km from the surface, with a ground resolution of 76 mt per pixel.
The imaged area, not visible from Earth because it is located on the Far-Side of the Moon, is positioned at Latitude of 51,7º South and Longitude 159,2º East. It covers a square of about 39 Km per side.
Nota: osservate con attenzione il bordo del cratere Hopmann e poi cercate di spiegare e di spiegarVi come un margine "infossato" come quello che vediamo in questa discreta (anche se leggermente sfuocata) immagine possa essere il semplice risultato di una, tutto sommato semplice, "meccanica di impatto".
Confrontate questo cratere, p.e., con Tsiolkowsky, Arago-C, Copernicus e Clavius e poi, se volete, provate a redigere una serie di elenchi di crateri lunari associati sulla base della loro apparenza esteriore (e cioè in base alla loro somiglianza): noterete che, delle due l'una:1) o le tipologie di impatti sono migliaia di migliaia di milioni (il che è vero solo in teoria) o 2) è ragionevole supporre che alcuni crateri potrebbero non essere il mero prodotto di un impatto.
E nel ragionarci sopra, tenete a mente il Rasoio di Okkam...
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