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09-D-CIXS_calcium-detection2.jpgWhat the Moon is made of...According to SMART-1144 visiteUna premessa necessaria: il giorno 15.01.2005 una possente eruzione solare (solar flare) ha investito la Luna. Le particelle provenienti dal Sole, abbattendosi sul nostro Satellite, hanno interagito con la sua superficie ed i suoi elementi.
L'output globale di questa interazione è stato registrato da SMART-1 usando lo spettrografo D-CIXS.
"Top Left: GOES X-ray spectrum showing the Solar input. Note the flares around 06:00 UT on 15 January 2005 (GOES Data Courtesy NOAA).
Lower Left: D-CIXS spectrograms showing fluorescence emission from the Moon as a response. The 3 panels show the summed outputs of the 3 separate D-CIXS facets.
Top Right: Area of the Moon overflown during this observation, running from 15° to 45° North, at 60° East long., including Mare Crisium in the southern part of the region.
Bottom Right: The derived X-ray spectrum, indicating lunar elemental composition. Note the prominent Calcium feature, as well as visible Aluminium, Silicon and Iron".
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10-Glusko Crater.jpgGlushko Crater103 visiteThis image, taken by the Advanced Moon Micro-Imager Experiment (AMIE) on board ESA’s SMART-1 spacecraft, shows Glushko impact crater on the Moon. AMIE obtained this image from a distance of about 1600 Km, with a resolution of 150 mt per pixel. The field of view of this image is 80 Km.
The crater is located at 8,4° North and 77,6° West and has a diameter of 43 Km. The crater is attached to the western rim of Olbers crater was previously designated 'Olbers A' before being renamed in honour of Valentin Petrovitch Glushko, a Russian rocket scientist, by the IAU. It is very close to the western limb as seen from Earth.
This crater possesses a relatively high albedo and is the focus of a prominent ray system that extends in all directions across the nearby surface. Very clear impact features indicate that it is very young, unusual for this size of crater (compared to the 800-million year old Copernicus crater). It is possible to see a sharp impact wall and rim, unaffected by erosion (by later impacts). In the inner part of the rim, terraces and wrinkles correspond to collapsed material.
Signatures of ejecta include a blanket surrounding the crater, but also fine radial rays. For this size of crater, the ejecta layer does not seem thick enough to swamp nearby features. In the centre of the crater, there is a rough surface, in morphological terms somewhere in between the smooth ‘bowl’ shape seen in smaller craters, and the defined central peaks in craters larger than 60 kilometres.
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11-Rima Hadley.jpgRima Hadley105 visiteCaption ESA originale:"Hadley Rille is the sinuous depression running across this image.
Beneath it are the 1 to 2 Km high Apennine mountains.
The large crater in the center of the image is the 30 Km diameter "Hadley C".
Location: The feature is centred at: 25,0° N and 3,0° E
Naming: In honour of the English scientist John Hadley who built telescopes in the eighteenth century".
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12-CassiniCrater-SMART-1_AMIE_CassiniCrater_H.jpgCassini Crater103 visiteOriginal ESA caption:"This image of Crater Cassini was taken on 19 January 2005 with the highly compact, lightweight and rugged AMIE camera on board ESA's SMART-1 spacecraft - note: AMIE stands for the Advanced Moon Micro-Imager Experiment (AMIE) experiment. Cassini has a diameter of 57 km and is located at 40º North, on the edge of Mare Imbrium".
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16-Lunar Alps_H_SEMG9R7X9DE.jpgThe Lunar Alps105 visiteOriginal caption:"The European Alps were formed over millions of years by slow-moving sections of Earth’s crust pushed together, squeezing the land to form a giant arc of upthrust mountains, but the Lunar Alps were formed in an instant. It is thought that the Moon collided with a huge object, such as an asteroid, 3850 million years ago. The collision formed a huge crater, about 1000 Km in diameter. This crater was later filled with basaltic lava, forming the dark circular basin known as Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains). After the explosive collision, fragments, rocks and dust fell back to the surface. While there is considerable debate as to the actual mechanism which formed the concentric rings, it is agreed they are not 'fallback' material. Some scientists argue that the the impact caused the lower layers to act as a liquid and that the rings then 'froze' in place. A flood of lava covered the lower inner one, but the outer one remains as a series of arc-shaped mountain ranges.
In places these mountains rise over 3000 metres. Their inner walls are steep and well defined, but their outer slopes become more broken as elevation decreases away from the impact site. Early European astronomers named them after familiar mountain ranges, such as the Juras, the Apennines and the Alps.
Seen in this image, Vallis Alpes (Alpine Valley) is a spectacular feature that bisects the Montes Alpes range. This valley was discovered in 1727 by Francesco Bianchini. It extends 166 kilometres from Mare Imbrium, trending north-east to the edge of the Mare Frigoris (Sea of Cold). The valley is narrow at both ends and widens to about 10 kilometres across.
The valley floor is a flat, lava-flooded surface that has narrow sinous ‘rille’ running down the middle. It is generally considered to be a 'graben', an area between two parallel faults which has dropped below the surrounding area. This is believed to have formed after the formation of the basin, but before the full maria lava flows. The rille corresponds to a ‘lava tube’ formed in a later geological episode by high-speed and low viscosity magma.
"SMART-1 is studying the signature of violent processes that took place during the formation of these giant impact basins, as well as the sequence of late volcanic history over the lunar surface until 3000 million years ago,” said ESA’s SMART-1 Project Scientist Bernard Foing.
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17-smart20050125a.jpgBrianchon and Pascal66 visiteOriginal caption:"This area of the lunar surface shows the area of the Moon around two large craters. The largest visible in this image is called Brianchon (middle left) and is situated at 75° North Lunar Latitude and 86° West Lunar Longitude. The second largest in this image is called Pascal (middle bottom), at 74° North Lunar Latitude and 70° West Lunar Longitude".
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18-imageL,142.jpgMouchez Crater90 visiteOriginal caption:"This image shows an area of the Moon featuring the Mouchez crater near to lunar zero longitude".
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99-Orbite01_H.jpgThe "end" of SMART-178 visiteCaption ESA originale:"This artist's impression shows the trajectory of ESA SMART-1 Spacecraft in the final phase of its mission, due to end through a small impact on the Lunar Surface.
After two weeks of manoeuvres started on 19 June and concluded on 2 July 2006, the impact is now set to occur on the Near Side and most probably at 05:41 UT (such as 07:41 Central Europe Standard Time) on 3 September 2006".
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APOLLO 12 AS 12-50-7369.jpgAS 12-50-7369 - Icy Streaks on the "Hatch Window"83 visiteCaption NASA originale:"According to National Space Science Data Center document NSSDC-70-11 (July 1970), this photo shows the 'Fouled Hatch Window; streaks go (left) away from the CMS cone (right)'.
This photo was taken inside the Command Space Module (CSM) during the Translunar Coast".
Nota: un commento asciutto ed un dettaglio intrigante ma...che cosa si vede - realmente - fuori dall'oblo'?!?
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APOLLO 14 AS 14 66-9344.jpgAS 14-66-9344 - Kitty Hawk (HR)83 visitenessun commento
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APOLLO 17 AS 17-147-22451.jpgAS 17-147-22451 - Good-Bye America! (1)127 visitenessun commento
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APOLLO 17 AS 17-147-22453.jpgAS 17-147-22453 - Good-Bye America! (2)107 visiteRev. 12, CSM America from LM Challanger; Becvar Crater, NW wall.
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