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| Risultati della ricerca nelle immagini - "Graphs," |
000-P-FILTERS.jpgJust to remember...60 visitenessun commentoMareKromium
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000-The_Sun_from_Space.JPGThe Sun from all the Planets of the Solar System143 visiteCome appare (o meglio: "Quanto grande" dovrebbe apparire) il Disco Solare allorchè osservato da un Mondo diverso dalla Terra?
Senza pretesa di assolutezza matematica, questa Tavola dovrebbe fornirVi un'idea più precisa della questione su cui tanto ci siamo arrovellati sino ad ora.
Nota: i diversi diametri sono stati ipotizzati ragionando in termini di UA (Unità Astronomiche), laddove 1 UA = distanza Sole / Terra = 149.597.970 Km
ergo la distanza fra il Sole e Mercurio viene fatta mediamente pari a (circa *) 0,4 UA
fra il Sole e Venere è mediamente pari a (circa) 0,7 UA
fra il Sole e Marte è mediamente pari a (circa) 1,5 UA
fra il Sole e Giove è mediamente pari a (circa) 5,2 UA
fra il Sole e Saturno è mediamente pari a (circa) 9,5 UA
fra il Sole ed Urano è mediamente pari a (circa) 19,6 UA
fra il Sole e Nettuno è mediamente pari a (circa) 30 UA
fra il Sole ed il Sistema Binario Plutone-Caronte è mediamente pari a (circa) 39 UA
* diciamo circa perchè le orbite dei diversi Pianeti attorno al Sole NON descrivono cerchi perfetti (e quindi con raggio - distanza dal Sole - fisso), bensì delle ellissi più o meno allungate (le quali implicano l'esistenza di un "perielio" - o punto di massima vicinanza del Corpo Celeste considerato rispetto al Sole - ed un "afelio" - o punto di massima lontananza del Corpo Celeste considerato rispetto al Sole.MareKromium
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0002-Artemis_One.jpgThe Artemis Mission123 visiteFrame auto-esplicativo.MareKromium
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034-Methane_of_Mars.jpgMap of the "Martian Methane"73 visiteCaption NASA:"Why is there Methane on Mars? No one is sure.
An important confirmation that Methane exists in the Atmosphere of Mars occurred last week, bolstering previous controversial claims made as early as 2003. The confirmation was made spectroscopically using large ground-based telescopes by finding precise colors absorbed on Mars that match those absorbed by Methane on Earth.
Given that Methane is destroyed in the open martian air in a matter of years, the present existence of the fragile gas indicates that it is currently being released, somehow, from the Surface of Mars.
One prospect is that microbes living underground are creating it, or created in the past. If true, this opens the exciting possibility that life might be present under the Surface of Mars even today. Given the present data, however, it is also possible that a purely geologic process, potentially involving volcanism or rust and not involving any life forms, is the Methane creator.
Pictured above is an image of Mars superposed with a map of the recent Methane detection".
Nota Lunexit: se la Mappa NASA è realmente accurata ed il quantitativo di Metano presente in Atmosfera è quello "suggerito" dalla Mappa stessa, allora - sempre seguendo la "Logica NASA" - ci troveremmo davanti a due possibili scenari:
1) Scenario Geologico (Metano come prodotto di processi geologici): Marte è ancora soggetto attivo di fenomeni vulcanici tutt'altro che minori e residuali, visti i quantitativi e la distribuzione del Metano nell'Atmosfera del Pianeta Rosso, oppure
2) Scenario Biologico (Metano come sottoprodotto di attività biologiche attuali): Marte è, letteralmente, "brulicante di Vita" - altro che batteri e micro-organismi - visti, come sopra, i quantitativi e la distribuzione del Metano nell'Atmosfera del Pianeta Rosso.
SOTTOLINEIAMO che queste nostre congetture DERIVANO LOGICAMENTE DALL'ANALISI DEI DATI NASA e NON da nostre speculazioni!
Vi suggeriamo, inoltre, di notare la posizione dei maggiori quantitativi di Metano nell'Atmosfera Marziana...MareKromium
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09-D-CIXS_calcium-detection2.jpgWhat the Moon is made of...According to SMART-1137 visiteUna premessa necessaria: il giorno 15.01.2005 una possente eruzione solare (solar flare) ha investito la Luna. Le particelle provenienti dal Sole, abbattendosi sul nostro Satellite, hanno interagito con la sua superficie ed i suoi elementi.
L'output globale di questa interazione è stato registrato da SMART-1 usando lo spettrografo D-CIXS.
"Top Left: GOES X-ray spectrum showing the Solar input. Note the flares around 06:00 UT on 15 January 2005 (GOES Data Courtesy NOAA).
Lower Left: D-CIXS spectrograms showing fluorescence emission from the Moon as a response. The 3 panels show the summed outputs of the 3 separate D-CIXS facets.
Top Right: Area of the Moon overflown during this observation, running from 15° to 45° North, at 60° East long., including Mare Crisium in the southern part of the region.
Bottom Right: The derived X-ray spectrum, indicating lunar elemental composition. Note the prominent Calcium feature, as well as visible Aluminium, Silicon and Iron".
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099-DawnTrajectory.jpgThe "Dawn" Mission to 4-Vesta and 1-Ceres53 visiteGerman mathematician Karl F. Gauss calculated from Piazzi's few observations that 1-Ceres circled around the Sun once every 4,6 years or about 4 years, 220 days. The asteroid has a very primitive surface, say scientists on NASA's Dawn mission, which will launch in 2007 and examine 1-Ceres in 2015. The asteroid, like a young planet, contains water-bearing minerals, and possibly a very weak atmosphere and frost. Infrared observations show that the surface is warm.
NASA's HST observed that 1-Ceres' surface has a large spot, which could be a crater formed when another asteroid struck Ceres.
A second explanation may be that the spot is a brighter substance in the asteroid's soil. In July 2001, an object larger than 1-Ceres was found in the vast Kuiper Belt of asteroids, stretching from 30 to 100 AU (2,8 to 9,3 BMs away from the Sun.) This brightest and therefore biggest non-planet space rock, 2001 KX76, could be as big as 1300 Km across.
Per maggiori informazioni sulla Missione "Dawn", visitate il Sito:
http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/index.asp
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A-Phoenix-003A.jpgThe Road to Mars53 visitenessun commentoMareKromium
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Abell-1763-PIA10227.jpgCelestial Cities and the Roads that connect Them54 visiteThis is a representation of galaxies in and surrounding a galaxy cluster called Abell 1763. The placement of each dot is based on the actual coordinates of galaxies in the region. Blue dots are active star-forming galaxies; red dots show galaxies that are not actively forming stars.
Galaxies across the universe reside in cosmic communities big and small. Large, densely populated galactic communities are called galaxy clusters (highlighted in the orange circle). Like cities on Earth, galaxy clusters are scattered throughout the universe and are connected by a web of dusty highways called filaments (highlighted in purple). Smaller galactic communities are sprinkled along the filaments, creating celestial suburbs.
Over time, astronomers suspect that all galactic suburbanites make their way to a galaxy cluster by way of filaments. Observations from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope show that filamentary galaxies form stars at twice the rate of their densely clustered counterparts.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., manages the Spitzer Space Telescope mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Science operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology, also in Pasadena. Caltech manages JPL for NASA.
MareKromium
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Black Hole-PIA08697_fig1.jpgBlack Holes55 visiteThis diagram illustrates research from NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer showing that black holes -- once they reach a critical size -- can put the brakes on new star formation in elliptical galaxies.
In this graph, galaxies and their supermassive black holes are indicated by the drawings (the black circle at the center of each galaxy represents the black hole). The relative masses of the galaxies and their black holes are reflected in the sizes of the drawings. Blue indicates that the galaxy has new stars, while red means the galaxy does not have any detectable new stars.
The Galaxy Evolution Explorer observed the following trend: the biggest galaxies and black holes (shown in upper right corner) are more likely to have no observable star formation (red) than the smaller galaxies with smaller black holes. This is evidence that black holes can create environments unsuitable for stellar birth.
The white line in the diagram illustrates that, for any galaxy no matter what the mass, its black hole must reach a critical size before it can shut down star formation.
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CMBR.jpgThe "Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation" - CMBR68 visiteSiamo seduti, davanti al nostro pc, ma siamo fermi? Certamente no, poichè la Terra non è affatto ferma: essa si muove, ruotando su se stessa e percorrendo la sua orbita attorno al Sole. Il Sole, a sua volta, orbita intorno al centro della Via Lattea la quale non è ferma! Essa infatti si muove insieme al cd. "Gruppo Locale" il quale, compatto, si sta dirigendo verso il Grande Ammasso della Vergine (Virgo Galaxy Cluster). La Mappa che Vi presentiamo - e che rappresenta la diffusione della Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (o Radiazione di Fondo tout-court - RF) nell'intero cielo - ci dimostra, inter alia, che anche la RF si "muove" (ma attenti: la RF NON proviene da una direzione precisa del cosmo!) e che, muovendosi, si raffredda ("...radiation in the Earth's direction of motion appears blueshifted and hence hotter, while radiation on the opposite side of the sky is redshifted and colder...").
Ed ora la domanda, inevitabile: premesso che ci muoviamo, DOVE stiamo andando?!
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Cydonia_Mensae-The_Face-033.jpgThis "Face" is a "Fake"! (3)66 visiteThis is a mega-work of ET engineering … whose “protected” eastern side is apparently still exhibiting remnants of its original “anomalous composition and construction”!
The fact that over a decade earlier, Mark Carlotto and Mike Stein (then employed by The Analytical Science Corporation - a Defense Department contract company), quietly conducted a major “fractal analysis” of this same object - using computer algorithms later used (successfully!) for the first time in the 1991 Gulf War for the detection of Saddam Hussein’s tanks against the natural background of the highly similar Saudi deserts -- and found that the Face is “the more non-fractal (such as ‘unnatural’) than a Hussein tank”...
Attenzione: questa "trasposizione Marziana" del lavoro svolto dai Dottori Carlotto e Stein per il Deserto Saudita è azzardata e scientificamente scorretta! Vedi i commenti di chiusura successivi al frame (4).
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Dark_Matter.jpgBright Universe, Dark Matter55 visiteAn international team of astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has created a three-dimensional map that provides the first direct look at the large-scale distribution of dark matter in the universe.
Dark matter is an invisible form of matter that accounts for most of the universe's mass.
The map provides the best evidence yet that normal matter, largely in the form of galaxies, accumulates along the densest concentrations of dark matter. The map reveals a loose network of filaments that grew over time and intersect in massive structures at the locations of clusters of galaxies.
The map stretches halfway back to the beginning of the universe and shows how dark matter has grown increasingly "clumpy" as it collapses under gravity.
This milestone takes astronomers from inference to direct observation of dark matter's influence in the universe. Previous studies of dark matter are based largely on numerical simulations of the expected evolution of large-scale structure. This evolution is driven by the gravitational attraction of dark matter.
Mapping dark matter's distribution in space and time is fundamental to understanding how galaxies grew and clustered over billions of years. Tracing the growth of clustering in the dark matter may eventually also shed light on dark energy, a repulsive form of gravity that influences how dark matter clumps.
The new maps of dark matter and galaxies will provide critical observational underpinnings to future theories for how structure formed in the evolving universe under the relentless pull of gravity. Theories suggest the universe transitioned from a smooth distribution of matter into a sponge-like structure of long filaments.
The research results appeared online today in the journal Nature and were presented at the 209th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Seattle, Wash., by Richard Massey for the dark matter and Nick Scoville for the galaxies. Both researchers are from the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
"It's reassuring how well our map confirms the standard theories for structure formation." said Massey. He calls dark matter the "scaffolding" inside of which stars and galaxies have been assembled over billions of years.
Researchers created the map using Hubble's largest survey of the universe, the Cosmic Evolution Survey ("COSMOS") with an international team of 70 astronomers led by Scoville. The COSMOS survey covers a sufficiently wide area of sky – nine times the area of the Earth's Moon. This allows for the large-scale filamentary structure of dark matter to be evident. To add 3-D distance information, the Hubble observations were combined with multicolor data from powerful ground-based telescopes. "The 3-D information is vital to studying the evolution of the structures over cosmic time," said Jason Rhodes, a collaborator in the study at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.
The dark matter map was constructed by measuring the shapes of half a million faraway galaxies. To reach us, the galaxies' light has traveled through intervening dark matter. The dark matter deflected the light slightly as it traveled through space. Researchers used the observed, subtle distortion of the galaxies' shapes to reconstruct the distribution of intervening mass along Hubble's line of sight — a method called weak gravitational lensing. This effect is analogous to deducing the rippling pattern in a glass shower door by measuring how light from behind it is distorted as it passes through the glass.
"Although this technique has been employed previously, the depth of the COSMOS image and its superior resolution enables a more precise and detailed map, covering a large enough area to see the extended filamentary structures," said co-investigator Richard Ellis of the California Institute of Technology.
For astronomers, the challenge of mapping the universe has been similar to mapping a city from nighttime aerial snapshots showing only streetlights. Dark matter is invisible, so only the luminous galaxies can be seen directly. The new images are equivalent to seeing a city, its suburbs and country roads — in daylight, for the first time. Major arteries and intersections become evident, and a variety of neighborhoods are revealed.
A separate COSMOS team led by Scoville presented images of the large scale galactic structures in the same area with the dark matter. Galaxies appear in visible light seen with Hubble and in ground-based Subaru telescope images by Yoshiaku Taniguchi and colleagues. The hot gas in the densest galaxy clusters was imaged in X-rays by Gunther Hasinger and colleagues using the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton telescope.
Galaxy structures inside the dark matter scaffolding show clusters of galaxies in the process of assembly. These structures can be traced over more than 80 million light-years in the COSMOS survey – approximately five times the extent of the nearby Virgo galaxy cluster. In the densest early universe structures, many galaxies already have old stellar populations, implying that these galaxies formed first and accumulated the greatest masses in a bottom-up assembly process where smaller galaxies merge to make bigger galaxies — like tributaries converging to form a large river.
The COSMOS survey shows that galaxies with on-going star formation, even to the present epoch, dwell in less populated voids and dark matter filaments. "It is remarkable how the environment on the enormous cosmic scales seen in the dark matter structures can influence the properties of individual stars and galaxies — both the maturity of the stellar populations and the progressive 'downsizing' of star formation to smaller galaxies is clearly dependent on the dark matter environment," said Scoville.
"The comparison is of fundamental importance," said Massey. "Almost all current scientific knowledge concerns only baryonic matter. Now that we have begun to map out where dark matter is, the next challenge is to determine what it is, and specifically its relationship to normal matter."
In making the COSMOS survey, Hubble photographed 575 slightly overlapping views of the universe using the Advanced Camera for Surveys' (ACS) Wide Field Camera onboard Hubble. It took nearly 1,000 hours of observations. Thousands of galaxies' spectra were obtained by using the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope in Chile, and the Subaru telescope in Hawaii. The distances to the galaxies were accurately determined through their spectral redshifts. The distribution of the normal matter was partly determined with the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton telescope.
MareKromium
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