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ZZ-Mercury-Craters-Balanchine_Crater-PIA17057-PCF-LXTT-IPF-1.jpgBalanchine Crater (CTX Frame - Absolute Natural Colors; credts for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)61 visiteThe Impact Crater located at the center of this scene (such as the one whose Floor is largely covered by extremely bright - and therefore, here, slightly over-exposed - Hollows) has been named "Balanchine", after the choreographer George Balanchine (Leningrad, 1904/New York City - NY - 1983). Now, if you carefully take a look at the Ejecta Blanket which emanates from Balanchine Crater, you may ask yourself what could have caused such an Asymmetric Pattern. Obviously, an absolutely definitive answer to this kind of question, as you should know, cannot be given by anybody, but one reasonable possibility is that the irregularly shaped Ejecta Pattern of Balanchine Crater formed (maybe just in part) on top of a similarly sized, and, of course, pre-existing, Impact Crater.
In this scenario, the older Impact Crater could have unearthed the Lower Reflectance dark-gray Deposit (as a matter of fact, in Absolute Natural Colors this Material looks almost black - blue in the Original NASA false color image-mosaic) from beneath the Surface, while, some time (perhaps a few millions of years) afterwards, a certain portion of them was (unevenly) redistributed all over the Mercurian Surface by the impact that formed Balanchine.
The Cracks that are well visible in the lower left (Sx) quadrant of the mosaic, on the other hand, are part of the Complex System of Graben that cuts the Floor of the giant Caloris Basin, in which Balanchine Crater is located. North is up.
Date acquired: June 29th, 2011
Images Mission Elapsed Time (MET): 217863931, 217863927, 217863923
Images ID: 441964, 441963, 441962
Instrument: Wide Angle Camera (WAC) of the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS)
Center Latitude: 39,05° North
Center Longitude: 175,80° East
Resolution: 282 meters/pixel
Solar Incidence Angle: 39,6° (meaning that the Sun, at the time that the picture was taken, was about 50,4° above the imaged Local Mercurian Horizon)
Emission Angle: 6,3°
Sun-Mercury-Messenger (or "Phase") Angle: 40,9°
This picture (which is an Original NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft Map Projected false color image-mosaic published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the ID n. PIA 17057) has been additionally processed, contrast enhanced, magnified and then re-colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft and then looked down, towards the Surface of Mercury), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among other things, the existence of different Elements (Minerals) present on the Surface of Mercury, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromiumMag 26, 2013
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ZZ-Mercury-Full_Disk-PIA16852-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgMercury (Possible Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)90 visiteThis extremely detailed and, in fact, really impressive view of the Planet Mercury was produced by using images from the Color Base Map Imaging Campaign that was carried out during the NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft's Primary Mission. Young Rays, extending radially from (relatively) fresh Impact Craters, appear of a light gray or whitish color; the dark-gray and almost black-colored Regions and Areas are those Geologic Units of Mercury's Crust which are known as the "Low-Reflectance Material" (such as a Material that, according to the opinion of many Planetary Scientists, is thought to be rich in a dark and opaque Mineral). The brown and orange Regions are Plains that were formed, most likely, by the passage of Highly Fluid Lavas. The Impact Crater visible in the upper right of the image, at about one 'clock, and whose etremely well defined Rays' System stretches across the entire Planet, is Hokusai Crater.
We, as IPF, believe that the different colors of Mercury, as visible in this picture (which is an Ortographic Projection of the Innermost Planet in the Solar System), also can tell us something important about the age of the various Mercurian Regions and Areas. For instance, the almost black (or completely black) Areas and Spots, should be the ones which were more exposed to (and therefore that should have suffered for the longest time) the relentless action of the Charged Particles forming the Solar Wind and the Cosmic Rays. This means, in terms of age of these Areas and Spots, that the Surface Materials forming them should be the oldest ones that can be found on the Planet.
On the other hand, the Regions and Areas whose colors become less and less dark (and therefore we are talking about colors going from brown and dark orange, to yellow and, finally, to light gray or white) should be the ones that were less exposed to the so-called Cosmic Weathering, and this means, still in terms of age, that the Surface Materials that form them, should be the youngest ones present, today, on Mercury.
Instrument: Wide Angle Camera (WAC) of the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS)
Center Latitude: 0°
Center Longitude: 320,00° East
This image (which is an Original NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft false color image-mosaic published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the ID n. PIA 16852) has been additionally processed and then re-colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft and then looked outside, towards the Planet Mercury), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among other things, the existence of different Elements (Minerals) present on the Surface of Mercury, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromiumMag 14, 2013
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ZZ-Mercury-Full_Disk-PIA16853-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgMercury (Possible Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)89 visiteThis extremely detailed and, in fact, really impressive view of the Planet Mercury was produced by using images from the Color Base Map Imaging Campaign that was carried out during the NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft's Primary Mission. Young Rays, extending radially from (relatively) fresh Impact Craters, appear of a light gray or whitish color; the dark-gray and almost black-colored Regions and Areas are those Geologic Units of Mercury's Crust which are known as the "Low-Reflectance Material" (such as a Material that, according to the opinion of many Planetary Scientists, is thought to be rich in a dark and opaque Mineral). The brown and orange Regions are Plains that were formed, most likely, by the passage of Highly Fluid Lavas. The giant Caloris Impact Basin is the large, and very well visible, circular yellow-orangish Surface Feature located just near the upper right of center of the image (such as at abour one 'o clock of Mercury's disk).
We, as IPF, believe that the different colors of Mercury, as visible in this picture (which is an Ortographic Projection of the Innermost Planet in the Solar System), also can tell us something important about the age of the various Mercurian Regions and Areas. For instance, the almost black (or completely black) Areas and Spots, should be the ones which were more exposed to (and therefore that should have suffered for the longest time) the relentless action of the Charged Particles forming the Solar Wind and the Cosmic Rays. This means, in terms of age of these Areas and Spots, that the Surface Materials forming them should be the oldest ones that can be found on the Planet.
On the other hand, the Regions and Areas whose colors become less and less dark (and therefore we are talking about colors going from brown and dark orange, to yellow and, finally, to light gray or white) should be the ones that were less exposed to the so-called Cosmic Weathering, and this means, still in terms of age, that the Surface Materials that form them, should be the youngest ones present, today, on Mercury.
Instrument: Wide Angle Camera (WAC) of the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS)
Center Latitude: 0°
Center Longitude: 140,00° East
This image (which is an Original NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft false color image-mosaic published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the ID n. PIA 16853) has been additionally processed and then re-colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft and then looked outside, towards the Planet Mercury), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among other things, the existence of different Elements (Minerals) present on the Surface of Mercury, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromiumMag 14, 2013
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Craters-Unnamed_Craters-ESP_031292_1295-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgUnnamed Craters in Hellas Planitia (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)75 visiteIn this frame, taken by the NASA - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on March, 30, 2013 and showing us a small portion of the Southern Martian Region known as Hellas Planitia, we can see - litterally lost in a "Sea" of Sand that has also been heavily marked by the passage of a countless number of Dust Devils - two relatively small Unnamed Impact Craters which are going through two very different (and very distant, in terms of time) moments of their evolution.
Barely visible, on the left (Sx) side of the picture, there is an extremely old and now almost completely "Buried Impact Crater", whose Rim, however, can still be discerned from the surrounding landscape; on the right (Dx) side of the frame, instead, a way more recent Unnamed Impact Crater that shows a very well defined (and therefore - of course, always relatively speaking - "fresh") Rim, with signs of a Landslide, that has occurred on its Inner Southern Slope, and also with what appears to be just a hint of a light-colored Windstreak on its Northern Outer Rim. Also a few Gullies can be spotted in several locations of the Inner Slopes of the Crater (particularly on its North-facing Inner Rim and Slope).
Mars Local Time: 14:37 (Early Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 50,284° South Lat. and 54,671° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 255,9 Km (such as about 158,913 miles)
Original image scale range: 51,2 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~ 1 mt and 54 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel
Map projection: EQUIRECTANGULAR
Emission Angle: 1,6°
Phase Angle: 42,2°
Solar Incidence Angle: 41° (meaning that the Sun was about 49° above the Local Horizon at the time the picture was taken)
Solar Longitude: 292,3° (Northern Winter - Southern Summer)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer Italia
This picture (which has been cropped from a NASA - Original Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter NON-Map Projected CTX b/w frame identified by the serial n. ESP_031292_1295) has also been additionally processed and then colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and then looked down, towards the Surface of Mars - Region of Hellas Planitia), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team.MareKromiumMag 14, 2013
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Craters-Unnamed_Crater-ESP_017975_1705-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgUnnamed Crater with Ridges (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)69 visiteMars Local Time: 15:20 (Early Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 9,515° South Lat. and 16,433° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 261,3 Km (such as about 162,267 miles)
Original image scale range: 52,3 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~ 1 mt and 57 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel
Map projection: EQUIRECTANGULAR
Emission Angle: 0,7°
Phase Angle: 60,4°
Solar Incidence Angle: 60° (meaning that the Sun was about 30° above the Local Horizon at the time the picture was taken)
Solar Longitude: 96,6° (Northern Summer - Southern Winter)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer Italia
This picture (which is a NASA - Original Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter NON-Map Projected CTX b/w frame identified by the serial n. ESP_025557_1705) has been additionally processed and then colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and then looked down, towards the Surface of Mars), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team.MareKromiumMag 14, 2013
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ESP_031268_2115-PCF-LXTT-IPF-0.jpgUnusually-looking Surface Feature (CTX Frame - Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)65 visiteThis image, taken by the NASA - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on March 28, 2013, shows us a number of shallow and Irregular Pit-like Features with Raised Rims, all concentrated along Ridges and other Topographic Features (---> Surface Reliefs). How did these unusually-looking Surface Features form? One idea is that they could be the final and visible result of the Sublimation of shallow lenses of nearly pure Ice but, even assuming that this theory is correct, why do the Pits have Raised Rims? So far, nobody was good enough to answer to that question.
If we keep reasoning about the possible nature of these Surface Features, we also have to say that they cannot - reasonably - be just shallow Impact Craters, because such an alignment seems extremely unlikely (and the irregular margins of the alleged "Impact Craters" would be even harder to explain); furthermore, these Landforms cannot even be Wind-blown Deposits of Material because, all the way next to them, can be seen very many Boulders which are way too big (and therefore too heavy!) to be moved simply by the Wind.
As you can see, there are younger Wind-blown Drifts on top of the Pits and, for the time being, we have not found a clear (---> substantiated) connection between these Landforms and some possible Volcanic Phenomenon. However, a few Planetary Scientists speculated that there might have been ancient Oceans over this Region, but could this possibility, even if it is correct, somehow be good to satisfactorily explain these Features? The answer is no. Last, but not least, what we see in this frame could also be the result of an ancient Glaciation where, perhaps, powerful Winds deposited Ice-rich Debris next to Topographic Obstacles.
Future (and closer) images of this Region may provide us with more clues but, for now, this Landforms are still a mystery. Just one of the many, of course...
Mars Local Time: 14:20 (Early Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 30,959° North Lat. and 339,402° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 293,8 Km (such as about 182,449 miles)
Original image scale range: 58,8 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~ 1 mt and 76 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel
Map projection: EQUIRECTANGULAR
Emission Angle: 2,6°
Phase Angle: 62,5°
Solar Incidence Angle: 64° (meaning that the Sun was about 26° above the Local Horizon at the time the picture was taken)
Solar Longitude: 290,8° (Northern Winter - Southern Summer)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer Italia
This picture (which is a NASA - Original Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter NON-Map Projected EDM b/w frame identified by the serial n. ESP_031268_2115-1) has been additionally processed and then colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and then looked down, towards the Surface of Mars), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team.MareKromiumMag 14, 2013
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ESP_031268_2115-PCF-LXTT-IPF-1.jpgUnusually-looking Surface Feature (EDM - Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)60 visiteThis image, taken by the NASA - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on March 28, 2013, shows us a number of shallow and Irregular Pit-like Features with Raised Rims, all concentrated along Ridges and other Topographic Features (---> Surface Reliefs). How did these unusually-looking Surface Features form? One idea is that they could be the final and visible result of the Sublimation of shallow lenses of nearly pure Ice but, even assuming that this theory is correct, why do the Pits have Raised Rims? So far, nobody was good enough to answer to that question.
If we keep reasoning about the possible nature of these Surface Features, we also have to say that they cannot - reasonably - be just shallow Impact Craters, because such an alignment seems extremely unlikely (and the irregular margins of the alleged "Impact Craters" would be even harder to explain); furthermore, these Landforms cannot even be Wind-blown Deposits of Material because, all the way next to them, can be seen very many Boulders which are way too big (and therefore too heavy!) to be moved simply by the Wind.
As you can see, there are younger Wind-blown Drifts on top of the Pits and, for the time being, we have not found a clear (---> substantiated) connection between these Landforms and some possible Volcanic Phenomenon. However, a few Planetary Scientists speculated that there might have been ancient Oceans over this Region, but could this possibility, even if it is correct, somehow be good to satisfactorily explain these Features? The answer is no. Last, but not least, what we see in this frame could also be the result of an ancient Glaciation where, perhaps, powerful Winds deposited Ice-rich Debris next to Topographic Obstacles.
Future (and closer) images of this Region may provide us with more clues but, for now, this Landforms are still a mystery. Just one of the many, of course...
Mars Local Time: 14:20 (Early Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 30,959° North Lat. and 339,402° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 293,8 Km (such as about 182,449 miles)
Original image scale range: 58,8 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~ 1 mt and 76 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel
Map projection: EQUIRECTANGULAR
Emission Angle: 2,6°
Phase Angle: 62,5°
Solar Incidence Angle: 64° (meaning that the Sun was about 26° above the Local Horizon at the time the picture was taken)
Solar Longitude: 290,8° (Northern Winter - Southern Summer)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer Italia
This picture (which is a NASA - Original Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter NON-Map Projected EDM b/w frame identified by the serial n. ESP_031268_2115-1) has been additionally processed and then colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and then looked down, towards the Surface of Mars), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team.MareKromiumMag 14, 2013
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ZZ-Mercury-Volcanic_Features-Vent-PIA15245-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgVolcanic Vent on the Edge of Caloris Basin (Absokute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)64 visiteThis kidney-shaped Surface Depression (which is approximately 23 Km - such as 14,283 miles - across its longest dimension) lies along the Inner Margin of the giant Caloris Basin and it was first imaged during the NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft's first Fly-By of the innermost Planet in the Solar System, about 2 years ago. The Rimless, non-circular Surface Depression is, in fact, the Vent of a small, explosive Volcano, and it is similar to many other Volcanic Vents that have been discovered on Mercury. The small number of superposed Impact Craters indicates that this Feature is, just in a manner of speaking, relatively "young" as to the surrounding Terrain. Notice, also, the considerable number of bright Hollows that seem to characterize a large portion of the Inner Rim as well as the East-facing Slopes of the small Impact Crater located right outside the Eastern Margin of the Vent, at about 4 o'clock of the Main Feature.
Note: for another view of this Volcanic Vent and its extremely interesting surroundings (seen on a larger scale), please refer to the APOD of December, 22nd, 2012.
Date acquired: June 7th, 2011
Image Mission Elapsed Time (MET): 215894570
Image ID: 347724
Instrument: Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) of the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS)
Center Latitude: 22,5° North
Center Longitude: 146,1° East
Resolution: 28 meters/pixel
Solar Incidence Angle: 39,6° (meaning that the Sun, at the time that the picture was taken, was about 50,4° above the imaged Local Mercurian Horizon)
Emission Angle: 45,5°
Sun-Mercury-Messenger (or "Phase") Angle: 78,3°
This picture (which has been cropped from an Original NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft b/w frame published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the ID n. PIA 15245) has been additionally processed and then colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft and then looked down, towards the Surface of Mercury), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among other things, the existence of different Elements (Minerals) present on the Surface of Mercury, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromiumMag 14, 2013
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Dione_and_Mimas-PIA14619-PCF-LXTT-IPF-1.jpgSo close, and yet so far... (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)81 visiteThe Saturnian moon Mimas peeps out from behind the larger moon Dione in this suggestive view of a so-called "Mutual Event" as it was seen from and recorded by the NASA - Cassini Spacecraft. Mimas (which is approx. 246 miles - such as a little less than 396 Km - across) is near the bottom center of the image. This view looks toward the anti-Saturn side of Dione (which is about 698 miles - such as approx 1123,3 Km - across). North on Dione is up and rotated 20° to the right.
The image was taken in Visible Light with the NASA - Cassini Spacecraft Narrow-Angle Camera on December 12, 2011, at a distance of approximately 377.000 miles (such as about 606.721 Km) from Mimas and approximately 56.000 miles (such as a little more than 90.000 Km) from Dione, at a Sun-Dione-Cassini Spacecraft , or Phase, Angle of 42°. Image scale is 1773 feet (such as about 540,41 meters) per pixel on Dione.
This frame (which is a crop from an Original NASA - Cassini Spacecraft b/w image published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the ID n. PIA 14619) has been additionally processed and then colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Cassini Spacecraft and then looked outside, towards the Saturnian moons Dione and Mimas), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among others, the existence of different Elements present on the Surface of Dione and Mimas, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromiumMag 14, 2013
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SOL0270-EB-MF-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgSunset at Gale Crater - Sol 270 (a Martian Fantasy by Elisabetta Bonora, Marco Faccin and Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)85 visiteIl frame è originale, l'elaborazione cromatica principale è stata fatta da Elisabetta Bonora (2di7) e Marco Faccin (Titanio44); il processing "psichedelico", con aggiunta del Sole calante, sono opera mia. Secondo me, questo risultato, per improbabile che possa essere, è bellissimo. Una "Fantasia Marziana": nulla di più.MareKromiumMag 14, 2013
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Venus-Mariner_10.jpgVenus, from Mariner 10 (Natural Colors; credits: NASA/JPL)107 visitenessun commentoMareKromiumApr 28, 2013
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ZZ-Mercury-Volcanic_Features-Vent-GC-PIA16990-PCF-LXTT-IPF-1.jpgVolcanic Vent? (Absokute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)80 visiteThis picture is a NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft frame that shows us a potential Volcanic Vent located within the Mercurian Impact Crater Glinka. The resolution of this image (which is approx. 46 Km - such as about 28,566 miles - across) is more than two times better than the one of quite a few previous images of the same area, but there are still many doubts among Planetary Scientists that the Depression of the Surface that we see here is actually a Volcanic Vent (---> as a matter of fact, it could also easily be an unusually-looking Collapse Pit, for instance...). The Impact Crater Glinka was named after the Russian composer Mikhail Glinka (1804 - 1857), who is regarded as one of the Fathers of the Russian Classical Music.
Date acquired: November 26th, 2012
Image Mission Elapsed Time (MET): 262402263
Image ID: 3026496
Instrument: Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) of the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS)
Center Latitude: 14,96° North
Center Longitude: 247,40° East
Resolution: 44 meters/pixel
Solar Incidence Angle: 67,5° (meaning that the Sun, at the time that the picture was taken, was about 22,5° above the imaged Local Mercurian Horizon)
Emission Angle: 3,1°
Sun-Mercury-Messenger (or "Phase") Angle: 64,5°
This image (which has been cropped from an Original NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft Map Projected b/w frame published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the ID n. PIA 16990) has been additionally processed and then colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - MESSENGER Spacecraft and then looked down, towards the Surface of Mercury), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among other things, the existence of different Elements (Minerals) present on the Surface of Mercury, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromiumApr 28, 2013
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