The "Central Uplift" of Oudemans Crater (CTX Frame - possible Natural Colors; credits: Lunexit)

Based on estimates of the depth of excavation for a crater the size of Oudemans, these Layers originated from just as deep as those exposed in Valles Marineris and possibly deeper.
A comparison of the Layers in Valles Marineris and in the Oudemans Central Uplift may prove that they are similar rock types that share the same mode of origin. The fact that these Layers are so well intact gives planetary scientists specific clues regarding the Subsurface and history of the general area.

Additionly, three other craters, Martin (21,2° S and 290,7° E), Mazamba (27,3° S and 290,2° E) and a yet unnamed crater (28,4° S and 305° E) also possess finely Layered Materials in their Central Uplift features and lie within the circum-Tharsis Region.

The preservation of the layering and geographical occurrence of these 4 craters suggests that they could be ash layers deposited from numerous episodes from the Tharsis Volcanoes.
Voluminous volcanic episodes could have produced large volumes of Layered Rock that could have been rapidly buried and protected from cratering.