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0-APOLLO 15-launch_wide.jpgThe Launch of Apollo 15227 visiteThe "ORIGINAL" Apollo Time-Table (from Apollo 13)
APOLLO 13. March, 1970. Land in Fra Mauro formation of flat highlands, stay about 22 hours. Collect soil and rock from an old area relatively untouched by what many believed were ancient floods or volcanoes.
APOLLO 14. July, 1970. Land in Censorinus Crater area for a stay of about 22 hours. Investigate craters, possibly carved in Moon's surface by meteors.
APOLLO 15. November, 1970. Land in Littrow area of volcano-like projections, remain about 22 hours. Attempt a pinpoint landing on an exact, pre-selected target.
APOLLO 16. March, 1971. Descend to Crater Copernicus, remaining for about 70 hours. Extract from crater and high-rising column within formation rocks believed to be from far below the lunar surface.
APOLLO 17. Late in 1971. Land near rugged highland crater Tycho for stay of about 70 hours. Test first moon "rover" vehicle.
APOLLO 18. Early 1972. Land in Marius Hills, remain about 70 hours. Collect soil and rock samples from volcanic-like domes and valleys between.
APOLLO 19. Middle or late 1972. Land deep in Schroeter's Valley, with about 70 hours on the surface. Attempt a descent into a deep crater to determine cause of mysterious "red flashes" seen there by astronomers.
APOLLO 20. Late 1972 or early 1973. Land near the Hyginus Rill, a long, major canyon, for stay of about 70 hours. Investigate canyon for possible lunar core material.
This timeline had been altered slightly even before the Apollo 13 mission, when in January, 1970, Apollo 20 was cancelled in order to reserve the last production Saturn V for use in launching the planned Skylab orbiting laboratory a few years later. This change shifted the planned Apollo 18 and 19 lunar missions to 1974 to follow Skylab, but further budget-cutting in late 1970 also resulted in the cancellation of Apollo 18 and 19.
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0-AS12-47-7006HR-2.jpgfrom AS 12-47-7006 (HR)69 visiteQuesta nuova Galleria, curata dal Dr Gianluigi Barca, dedicata - in un certo senso - ad una delle maggiori e pi importanti "Fonti di Sviste": i "Photo-Artifacts" (anche noti come "Image-Artifacts").
Ma che cosa sono i Photo(graphic) Artifacts? Sono vizi "fisici" dei frames (derivanti, p.e., da errata conservazione e/o sviluppo delle pellicole originali; da errori occorsi durante la fase di digitalizzazione dei negativi originali - vizi di compressione inclusi - e/o da errori e vizi di trasmissione delle immagini "via satellite" - exx.: noise; dead-pixels; missing pixels; cosmic rays etc.) i quali, negli anni, hanno generato delle impressionanti sviste le quali, nel tempo (e con l'aiuto di tanta Fantasia) hanno creato un imprecisato - ma pure impressionante - numero di "favole & leggende" (Lunari, Marziani e dello Spazio Profondo).
Legenda: P.P.A. o P.I.A. (Plain Photo Artifact o Plain Image Artifact); D.O.F. (Damaged Original Film); S.I.I.A. (Super Imposed Image Artifact); S. (Scratch); H&D (Hair & Dust); L.F. (Lens Flare); D.L. (Damaged Lens); N (Noise); C.A. (Compression Artifact); D.P. o M.P. (Dead Pixel e Missing Pixel); C.R. (Cosmic Ray); U.O. (Unknown/Unidentified Origin).
Ed ora...Buona "caccia"! (e naturalmente i Vostri commenti saranno MOLTO apprezzati!)MareKromium
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0-AS17-Metric-FNB2444.jpgElements of Exo-Geology: Notion and Definition52 visiteL'Eso-Geologia (detta anche Geologia Planetaria, o Astrogeologia) la Disciplina che studia la Geologia dei Corpi Celesti extra-terrestri: i Pianeti del Sistema Solare e le loro lune, gli Asteroidi, le Comete e, quando possibile, i Meteoriti.
Fu il grande Dr Eugene Shoemaker ad introdurre questa Disciplina nel Servizio Geologico degli Stati Uniti (USGS) e fu grazie a lui che vennero apportati dei numerosi (e validi) contributi allo studio dei crateri di impatto (Terrestri ed extra-terrestri), della Luna e di alcuni Asteroidi e Comete.
L'Eso-Geologia, nella sua veste operativa, utilizza le Tecniche della Geomorfologia e, in particolare, del Telerilevamento per studiare e caratterizzare la superficie dei Corpi Celesti.
Lo studio - prevalentemente teorico - dei loro strati pi interni invece basato su metodi Fisici o Astronomici (anche se oggi, grazie alle nuove tecnologie che sono a disposizione, gi possibile studiare la struttura e la composizione degli strati interni di alcuni Corpi Celesti - pensate, ad esempio, al Lavoro svolto per Marte dal Radar "MARSIS" il quale si trova a bordo della Sonda ESA "Mars Express").
Ci premesso, diciamo che a cominciare da oggi, 10 Luglio 2008, agendo nel quadro delle attivit Divulgative ed Istituzionali proprie dell'Associazione Lunar Explorer Italia, abbiamo deciso che proveremo - avvalendoci del prezioso contributo del nostro Socio ed Amico, il Dr Gualtiero La Fratta (Geologo) - a darVi qualche Elemento Tecnico Essenziale relativo a questa affascinante Disciplina il quale, auspicabilmente, possa permettere a coloro che ci leggono di apprendere qualcosa in pi circa la Natura e la Struttura, esterna ed interna, dei Mondi che, da anni, cerchiamo di esplorare "a tavolino".
Buon Viaggio, quindi, e Grazie a TUTTI per l'essere ancora con noi!MareKromium
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0-SMART-1.jpgSMART-1 and the Moon89 visiteThe solar electric primary propulsion on-board SMART-1 is a Stationary Plasma Hall-effect thruster, the PPS-1350 developed by SNECMA, France. Using Xenon gas as propellant and the power from the spacecraft's solar arrays, the thruster is capable of providing a thrust of something like 70 milliNewtons. Using the thrust of the electric propulsion system, SMART-1 progressively expanded its orbit, spiralling out from Earth and was caught by the Moon's gravitational field on 15 November 2004, nearly 14 months after launch. In order to enhance the capture opportunities and to save precious fuel, SMART-1 also made use of celestial mechanics, including Moon resonances and swing-bys. The spacecraft exploited the unstable regions of space where the gravity field of Earth and Moon compete and which are normally avoided by conventional trajectories. It passed through the L1 point of the Earth-Moon System which allowed for the spacecraft to be caught by the Moon's gravity.
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0-Venus.jpgVenus from Mariner 10170 visiteVenus Data and Statistics
Mass (kg) = 4.869e+24
Mass (Earth = 1) = 81476
Equatorial radius = 6.051,8 Km
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) = 0,94886
Mean density (gm/cm^3) = 5,25
Mean distance from the Sun = 108.200.000 Km
Mean distance from the Sun (Earth = 1) = 0,7233
Rotational period (days) = 243,0187
Orbital period (days) = 224,701
Mean orbital velocity = 35,02 Km per second
Tilt of axis = 177,36
Orbital inclination = 3,394
Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec^2) = 8,87
Equatorial escape velocity = 10,36 Km per second
Magnitude (Vo) = - 4,4
Mean surface temperature = + 482C
Atmospheric pressure (bars) = 92
Atmospheric composition: Carbon dioxide 96%, Nitrogen 3% and trace amounts of: Sulfur dioxide, water vapor, carbon monoxide, argon, helium, neon, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride.
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00-A-Mars_Global_Surveyor.jpgMars Global Surveyor60 visiteMars Global Surveyor was launched in 1996 on a mission designed to study Mars from orbit for two years. It accomplished many important discoveries during nine years in orbit. On Nov. 2, 2006, the spacecraft transmitted information that one of its arrays (---> pannelli) was not pivoting (--> ruotando) as commanded.
Loss of signal from the MGS Orbiter began on the following orbit.
Mars Global Surveyor has operated longer at Mars than any other spacecraft in history and for more than four times as long as the prime mission originally planned.
NASA has recently formed an internal review board to look more in-depth into why NASA's Mars Global Surveyor went silent in November 2006 and recommend any processes or procedures that could increase safety for other spacecraft.
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00-Aristarchus Crater-2005-29-a-full_jpg.jpg01 - Aristarchus Crater (and Plateau)109 visiteThe HST Advanced Camera for Surveys snapped this close-up view of the Aristarchus crater on Aug. 21, 2005. The crater is 26 miles (about 42 Km) in diameter and approx. 2 miles (such as about 3,2 Km) in depth and sits at the South-Western edge of the Aristarchus Plateau. The Plateau is well known for its rich array of geologic features, including a dense concentration of volcanic rilles (such as river and valley-like landforms that resulted from the collapse of lava tubes) and source vents.
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00-Closing-in-on-theMoon410.jpgThe Moon, from 600.000 and 60.000 Km!93 visiteLa Luna: non ci siamo dimenticati della Luna, anzi! Da oggi, 26 Aprile 2005, inizieremo a raccontarVi la "Luna Dimenticata" (o quasi...) attraverso le immagini che ci arrivano dalla Sonda ESA SMART-1.
Individueremo nuove "Singolarit"?
Incontreremo nuovi enigmi?
La Luna davvero (e solo) "...del padiglion del ciel, la Gran Frittata..."?!?
Staremo a vedere...
Caption ESA originale."These 2 images show the Moon as seen by SMART-1 during the approach phase. The image on the left was taken on 28 October 2004, at a distance of about 600.000 Km from the Moon, when the spacecraft was in its last orbit around the Earth. The image on the right was taken on 12 November 2004, about 15 days later, at a distance of about 60.000 Km. At that time, the Moon was facing the Earth with its unlit side (new Moon).
The slightly illuminated part at the top of the Moon (right image) shows a 'slice' of the Moon's far side at about the latitude of the Lunar North Pole. The North Pole far side is seen for the first time by a European spacecraft, and only for the second time in the history of lunar exploration".
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00-Lunation.gifA full Lunar Cycle (Lunation)256 visiteDa "Astronomy: Picture of the Day", del 13 Novembre 2005:"Our Moon's appearance changes nightly. This time-lapse sequence shows what our Moon looks like during a lunation, such as a complete Lunar Cycle.
As the Moon orbits the Earth, the half illuminated by the Sun first becomes increasingly visible, then decreasingly visible. The Moon always keeps the same face toward the Earth and its apparent size changes slightly, though, and a slight wobble called "libration" is discernable as it progresses along its elliptical orbit.
During the cycle, sunlight reflects from the Moon at different angles and so illuminates different features differently. A full lunation takes about 29,5 days, such as just under a month (moon-th)".
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00-MRO-front-view_br~0.jpgHere is the "Mars Reconnaisance Orbiter"104 visiteThis artist's concept of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter features the spacecraft's main bus facing down, toward the red planet. The large silver circular feature above the spacecraft bus is the high-gain antenna, the spacecraft's main means of communicating with both Earth and other spacecraft. The long, thin pole behind the bus is the SHARAD antenna. Seeking liquid or frozen water, SHARAD will probe the subsurface using radar waves at a 15-25 MHz frequency band, "seeing" in the first few hundreds of feet (up to 1 kilometer) of Mars' crust. The large instrument (covered in black thermal blanketing) in the center is the HiRISE camera. This powerful camera will provide the highest-resolution images from orbit to date.
The other easily visible instruments are: the Electra telecommunications package which is the gold-colored instrument directly left of the HiRISE camera. It will act as a communications relay and navigation aid for Mars spacecraft. To the right of the HiRISE camera is the Context Imager (CTX).
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00-Mars.jpgMars, from "Mars 3": the Red Planet! (1)102 visiteL'idea di offrire ai nostri Amici Lettori una carrellata di immagini che mostrassero, in maniera adeguata, gli incredibili - anche se passati, in larghissima misura, sotto silenzio - successi del Programma Spaziale Sovietico, era gi nelle nostre intenzioni da parecchio tempo.
Con oggi (2 Febbraio 2006) iniziamo a vedere qualcosa che, sebbene faccia ormai parte della Storia e non pi dell'attualit, non potr non stupire, sorprendere e meravigliare: l'Agenzia Spaziale Sovietica, sin dai primi Anni '60, era gi estremamente evoluta (ben pi della NASA), ma una impressionante serie di rovesci (alcuni dei quali cos assurdi da far pensare al sabotaggio pi che alla sfortuna...), unita ad una propaganda rivolta al "silenzio" e non alla "pubblicizzazione", la portarono a recitare, negli anni a venire, un mero ruolo di comprimaria nell'Avventura Spaziale.
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00-The Moon from HST.jpg00 - The Moon through the "Eyes" of the Hubble Space Telescope104 visite
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