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| Risultati della ricerca nelle immagini - "His" |
0-APOLLO 15-launch_wide.jpgThe Launch of Apollo 15227 visiteThe "ORIGINAL" Apollo Time-Table (from Apollo 13)
APOLLO 13. March, 1970. Land in Fra Mauro formation of flat highlands, stay about 22 hours. Collect soil and rock from an old area relatively untouched by what many believed were ancient floods or volcanoes.
APOLLO 14. July, 1970. Land in Censorinus Crater area for a stay of about 22 hours. Investigate craters, possibly carved in Moon's surface by meteors.
APOLLO 15. November, 1970. Land in Littrow area of volcano-like projections, remain about 22 hours. Attempt a pinpoint landing on an exact, pre-selected target.
APOLLO 16. March, 1971. Descend to Crater Copernicus, remaining for about 70 hours. Extract from crater and high-rising column within formation rocks believed to be from far below the lunar surface.
APOLLO 17. Late in 1971. Land near rugged highland crater Tycho for stay of about 70 hours. Test first moon "rover" vehicle.
APOLLO 18. Early 1972. Land in Marius Hills, remain about 70 hours. Collect soil and rock samples from volcanic-like domes and valleys between.
APOLLO 19. Middle or late 1972. Land deep in Schroeter's Valley, with about 70 hours on the surface. Attempt a descent into a deep crater to determine cause of mysterious "red flashes" seen there by astronomers.
APOLLO 20. Late 1972 or early 1973. Land near the Hyginus Rill, a long, major canyon, for stay of about 70 hours. Investigate canyon for possible lunar core material.
This timeline had been altered slightly even before the Apollo 13 mission, when in January, 1970, Apollo 20 was cancelled in order to reserve the last production Saturn V for use in launching the planned Skylab orbiting laboratory a few years later. This change shifted the planned Apollo 18 and 19 lunar missions to 1974 to follow Skylab, but further budget-cutting in late 1970 also resulted in the cancellation of Apollo 18 and 19.
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0-Saturn and Friends.jpgSaturn and His Moons190 visiteThe dozens of moons orbiting Saturn vary drastically in shape, size, age and origin. Some of these moons have rocky surfaces, while others are porous, icy bodies. Many have craters, ridges and valleys and some show evidence of tectonic activity. Some appear to have formed billions of years ago, while others appear to be pieces of a bigger, fragmented body. The most interesting one is Titan, the biggest of them all. Larger than Earth's Moon, Titan even has its own thick atmosphere - the only natural satellite in the Solar System with such a luxury. During its 4-year mission in this immense region, the Cassini spacecraft will extensively photograph many of these moons and collect data that will increase our understanding of their composition.
To date, 34 moons have been officially named. In alphabetic order, they are: Albiorix, Atlas, Calypso, Dione , Enceladus, Epimetheus, Erriapo, Helene, Hyperion, Iapetus, Ijiraq, Janus, Kiviuq, Methone, Mimas, Mundilfari, Narvi, Paaliaq, Pallene, Pan, Pandora, Phoebe, Polydeuces, Prometheus, Rhea, Siarnaq, Skadi, Suttung, Tarvos, Telesto, Tethys, Thrym, Titan and Ymir.
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00-A-Mars_Global_Surveyor.jpgMars Global Surveyor60 visiteMars Global Surveyor was launched in 1996 on a mission designed to study Mars from orbit for two years. It accomplished many important discoveries during nine years in orbit. On Nov. 2, 2006, the spacecraft transmitted information that one of its arrays (---> pannelli) was not pivoting (--> ruotando) as commanded.
Loss of signal from the MGS Orbiter began on the following orbit.
Mars Global Surveyor has operated longer at Mars than any other spacecraft in history and for more than four times as long as the prime mission originally planned.
NASA has recently formed an internal review board to look more in-depth into why NASA's Mars Global Surveyor went silent in November 2006 and recommend any processes or procedures that could increase safety for other spacecraft.
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00-Aristarchus Crater-2005-29-a-full_jpg.jpg01 - Aristarchus Crater (and Plateau)109 visiteThe HST Advanced Camera for Surveys snapped this close-up view of the Aristarchus crater on Aug. 21, 2005. The crater is 26 miles (about 42 Km) in diameter and approx. 2 miles (such as about 3,2 Km) in depth and sits at the South-Western edge of the Aristarchus Plateau. The Plateau is well known for its rich array of geologic features, including a dense concentration of volcanic rilles (such as river and valley-like landforms that resulted from the collapse of lava tubes) and source vents.
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00-Closing-in-on-theMoon410.jpgThe Moon, from 600.000 and 60.000 Km!93 visiteLa Luna: non ci siamo dimenticati della Luna, anzi! Da oggi, 26 Aprile 2005, inizieremo a raccontarVi la "Luna Dimenticata" (o quasi...) attraverso le immagini che ci arrivano dalla Sonda ESA SMART-1.
Individueremo nuove "Singolarit"?
Incontreremo nuovi enigmi?
La Luna davvero (e solo) "...del padiglion del ciel, la Gran Frittata..."?!?
Staremo a vedere...
Caption ESA originale."These 2 images show the Moon as seen by SMART-1 during the approach phase. The image on the left was taken on 28 October 2004, at a distance of about 600.000 Km from the Moon, when the spacecraft was in its last orbit around the Earth. The image on the right was taken on 12 November 2004, about 15 days later, at a distance of about 60.000 Km. At that time, the Moon was facing the Earth with its unlit side (new Moon).
The slightly illuminated part at the top of the Moon (right image) shows a 'slice' of the Moon's far side at about the latitude of the Lunar North Pole. The North Pole far side is seen for the first time by a European spacecraft, and only for the second time in the history of lunar exploration".
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00-Lunation.gifA full Lunar Cycle (Lunation)256 visiteDa "Astronomy: Picture of the Day", del 13 Novembre 2005:"Our Moon's appearance changes nightly. This time-lapse sequence shows what our Moon looks like during a lunation, such as a complete Lunar Cycle.
As the Moon orbits the Earth, the half illuminated by the Sun first becomes increasingly visible, then decreasingly visible. The Moon always keeps the same face toward the Earth and its apparent size changes slightly, though, and a slight wobble called "libration" is discernable as it progresses along its elliptical orbit.
During the cycle, sunlight reflects from the Moon at different angles and so illuminates different features differently. A full lunation takes about 29,5 days, such as just under a month (moon-th)".
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00-M-FAGONE-GreenMars.jpgThe "True Colors" of Mars?767 visiteLun-Ex-It has decided to open a new Main Section of its "Library" which will be entirely dedicated to the Readers (we thought that some Works that were sent to us deserved some kind of recognition and...Here we are!).
We are not all Scientists so, please, do not expect any "graduated-like" Work here: this Section is just given to those who have something to 'Show&Tell', no matter what their "cv" might say: anybody can come to this (small) Tribune and speak-up (but nobody needs to scream, because Lunar Explorer's Friends are not deaf).
A small space for the Readers had already been created in the Deep Sky Section and, we must say, after a little more than a year, the stats show that the experiment was successful. Now therefore, after Writers&Poets, it is time to listen to what our Truth-Seeking Friends have to say about the Moon, Mars and the Universe.
So, if you are not scared of your own ideas and opinions being - let's say - "exposed", write us!
(in English or French; pictures are welcome)
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00-MRO-front-view_br~0.jpgHere is the "Mars Reconnaisance Orbiter"104 visiteThis artist's concept of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter features the spacecraft's main bus facing down, toward the red planet. The large silver circular feature above the spacecraft bus is the high-gain antenna, the spacecraft's main means of communicating with both Earth and other spacecraft. The long, thin pole behind the bus is the SHARAD antenna. Seeking liquid or frozen water, SHARAD will probe the subsurface using radar waves at a 15-25 MHz frequency band, "seeing" in the first few hundreds of feet (up to 1 kilometer) of Mars' crust. The large instrument (covered in black thermal blanketing) in the center is the HiRISE camera. This powerful camera will provide the highest-resolution images from orbit to date.
The other easily visible instruments are: the Electra telecommunications package which is the gold-colored instrument directly left of the HiRISE camera. It will act as a communications relay and navigation aid for Mars spacecraft. To the right of the HiRISE camera is the Context Imager (CTX).
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00-Mars.jpgMars, from "Mars 3": the Red Planet! (1)102 visiteL'idea di offrire ai nostri Amici Lettori una carrellata di immagini che mostrassero, in maniera adeguata, gli incredibili - anche se passati, in larghissima misura, sotto silenzio - successi del Programma Spaziale Sovietico, era gi nelle nostre intenzioni da parecchio tempo.
Con oggi (2 Febbraio 2006) iniziamo a vedere qualcosa che, sebbene faccia ormai parte della Storia e non pi dell'attualit, non potr non stupire, sorprendere e meravigliare: l'Agenzia Spaziale Sovietica, sin dai primi Anni '60, era gi estremamente evoluta (ben pi della NASA), ma una impressionante serie di rovesci (alcuni dei quali cos assurdi da far pensare al sabotaggio pi che alla sfortuna...), unita ad una propaganda rivolta al "silenzio" e non alla "pubblicizzazione", la portarono a recitare, negli anni a venire, un mero ruolo di comprimaria nell'Avventura Spaziale.
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00-PhoenixLiftoff.jpgThe beginning...76 visiteCaption NASA:"Can Mars sustain life? To help answer this question, last week NASA launched the Phoenix Mission to Mars. In May 2008, Phoenix is expected to land in an unexplored North Polar Region of Mars that is rich in water-ice. Although Phoenix cannot move, it can deploy its cameras, robotic arm, and a small chemistry laboratory to inspect, dig, and chemically analyze its landing area. One hope is that Phoenix will be able to discern telling clues to the history of ice and water on Mars. Phoenix is also poised to explore the boundary between ice and soil in hopes of finding clues of a habitable zone there that could support microbial life.
Phoenix has a planned lifetime of 3 months on the Martian surface".MareKromium
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000-0-Mars.jpgMeteor strike on Mars112 visiteMars may have lost much of its atmosphere during asteroid impacts early in its history.
The Beagle 2 lander will look for signatures of life on Mars, whether long-dead or still-living, by measuring the ratio of two different types of carbon in the rocks. Biological processes on Earth favour the lighter isotope of carbon, carbon-12, over the heavier carbon-13. Hence, a high carbon-12 to carbon-13 ratio is taken as evidence of life and has been found in rocks up to 4 billion years old, even where geological processing has occurred. The hope is that the same occurred on Mars.
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000-Clementine.gif000 - Clementine55 visiteDescription
Clementine was a joint project between the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO, nee the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, or SDIO) and NASA. The objective of the mission was to test sensors and spacecraft components under extended exposure to the space environment and to make scientific observations of the Moon and the near-Earth asteroid 1620 Geographos. The Geographos observations were not made due to a malfunction in the spacecraft. The lunar observations made included imaging at various wavelengths in the visible as well as in ultraviolet and infrared, laser ranging altimetry, gravimetry, and charged particle measurements. These observations were for the purposes of obtaining multi-spectral imaging the entire lunar surface, assessing the surface mineralogy of the Moon and obtaining altimetry from 60N to 60S latitude and gravity data for the near side. There were also plans to image and determine the size, shape, rotational characteristics, surface properties, and cratering statistics of Geographos. Clementine carried 7 distinct experiments on-board: a UV/Visible Camera, a Near Infrared Camera, a Long Wavelength Infrared Camera, a High Resolution Camera, two Star Tracker Cameras, a Laser Altimeter, and a Charged Particle Telescope. The S-band transmitter was used for communications, tracking, and the gravimetry experiment.
Spacecraft and Subsystems
The spacecraft was an octagonal prism 1.88 meters high and 1.14 m across with two solar panels protruding on opposite sides parallel to the axis of the prism. A high-gain fixed dish antenna was at one end of the prism, and the 489 N thruster at the other end. The sensor openings were all located together on one of the eight panels, 90 degrees from the solar panels, and protected in flight by a single sensor cover. The spacecraft propulsion system consisted of a nonpropellant hydrazine system for attitude control and a bipropellant nitrogen tetraoxide and monomethyl hydrazine system for the maneuvers in space. The bipropellant system had a total capability of about 1900 m/s with about 550 m/s required for lunar insertion and 540 m/s for lunar departure. Attitude control was achieved with 12 small attitude control jets, two star tracker cameras, and two inertial measurement units. The spacecraft was three-axis stabilized in lunar orbit via reaction wheels with a precision of 0.05 Deg. in control and 0.03 Deg. in knowledge. Power was provided by gimbaled, single axis, GaAs/Ge solar panels which charged a 15 amp-hour, 47-w hr/Kg Nihau (Ni-H) common pressure vessel battery. Spacecraft data processing was performed using a MIL-STD-1750A computer (1.7 million instructions per second) for savemode, attitude control, and housekeeping operations, a RISC 32-bit processor (18 million ips) for image processing and autonomous operations, and an image compression system provided by the French Space Agency CNES. A data handling unit sequenced the cameras, operated the image compression system, and directed the data flow. Data was stored in a 2 Gbit dynamic solid state data recorder.
Mission Profile
The mission had two phases. After two Earth flybys, lunar insertion was achieved approximately one month after launch. Lunar mapping took place over approximately two months, in two parts. The first part consisted of a five hour elliptical polar orbit with a periapsis of about 400 Km at 30 degrees south latitude and an apoapsis of 8300 Km. Each orbit consisted of an 80 minute lunar mapping phase near periapsis and 139 minutes of downlink at apoapsis. After one month of mapping the orbit was rotated to a periapsis at 30 degrees north latitude, where it remained for one more month. This allowed global imaging and altimetry coverage from 60 degrees south to 60 degrees north, over a total of 300 orbits. After a lunar/Earth transfer and two more Earth flybys, the spacecraft was to head for Geographos, arriving three months later for a flyby, with a nominal approach closer than 100 Km. Unfortunately, on May 7, 1994, after the first Earth transfer orbit, a malfunction aboard the craft caused one of the attitude control thrusters to fire for 11 minutes, using up its fuel supply and causing Clementine to spin at 80 rpm. Under these conditions, the asteroid flyby could not yield useful results, so the spacecraft was put into a geocentric orbit passing through the Van Allen radiation belts to test the various components on board. The mission ended in June 1994 when the power level onboard dropped to a point where the telemetry from the spacecraft was no longer intelligible.
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