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| Ultimi arrivi - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) |
ESP_028962_1645-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgFeatures of Coprates Chasma (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)102 visiteMars Local Time: 15:39 (Middle Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 15,450° South Lat. and 303,273° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 260,5 Km (such as about 162,8 miles)
Original image scale range: 52,1 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~ 1 mt and 56 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel
Map projection: EQUIRECTANGULAR
Emission Angle: 5,5°
Phase Angle: 61,5°
Solar Incidence Angle: 56° (meaning that the Sun was about 34° above the Local Horizon of the imaged Region, at the time that the picture was taken)
Solar Longitude: 180,3° (Northern Autumn - Southern Spring)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer ItaliaMareKromiumOtt 14, 2012
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PSP_007726_2565_RED_abrowse-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgNorthern Dunes (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)109 visiteThis NASA - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter "HiRISE" image shows a portion of a Dunefield where many large "Barchan" (meaning "Crescent-shaped"), a few "Barchanoid" (meaning a "Non uniformly Crescent-shaped") and some smaller Dome-shaped Sand Dunes can be seen. The Dunefield that contains all these types of Sand Dunes is located in the Northern Regions of Mars and in a specific place where the first significant changes occurring to Sand Dunes was reported on the Red Planet (in the AD 2008). That study made by Dr Bourke (et al.) used a time series of NASA - Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images taken over a period of 3 Martian Years (which are equivalent to 6 Earth Years) and showed that 2 (two) approx. 20 meter-wide Dome Dunes disappeared while a third one shrank by an estimated 15%.
Now, the HiRISE image here confirms that the first two Sand Dune studied by Dr Bourke no longer exist but, interestingly, it also suggests that the Sediment removal is still ongoing, since the third Dune has dramatically reduced its volume. On the other hand, it must be noticed and underlined that this "Dune-Changing Process" does not occur in a uniform and generalized way (at least in this specific location), since many of the other large Dunes present in the Dunefield do not show any (apparent/obvious) change; however, more time and some more precise measurements (fit to display evidence of the occurrence of an actual change of the larger Dunes, either in their shape, or their position) are needed in order to achieve a more substantiated conclusion.
In addition to that, we should also consider that it is even possible that the stability of all the other larger Dunes present in the Dunefield might be caused by the circumstance that the Sediment existing inside them is now (let us say "at present time"...) unavailable for removal, due to Induration (meaning that said Sediment became too hard to be blown away by just a simple, even though quite strong sometime, Aeolian Action, but in a future - maybe as a consequence of a dramatic variation in the Surface Temperature of this Region of Mars - its physical conditions could change again, and therefore make it fit to be remodeled, removed or, maybe, totally dispersed).
In the end, the change observed in the small Dome-shaped Dunes indicates, once and for all, that certainly not all Dunes on Mars are effectively and permanently stabilized and immobile, as it was erroneously believed for a long time.
Mars Local Time: 14:10 (Early Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 76,182° North Lat. and 95,300° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 318,0 Km (such as about 198,8 miles)
Original image scale range: 63,6 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~ 1 mt and 91 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel
Map projection: POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC
Emission Angle: 2,8°
Phase Angle: 62,5°
Solar Incidence Angle: 60° (meaning that the Sun was about 30° above the Local Horizon at the time the picture was taken)
Solar Longitude: 47,6° (Northern Spring- Southern Autumn)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer Italia
This picture (which is a NASA - Original Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter EDM color frame identified by the serial n. PSP_007726_2565) has been additionally processed and then colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and then looked down, towards the Surface of Mars), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team.MareKromiumOtt 14, 2012
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Craters-Unnamed_Southern_Impact_Crater_with_colorful_Layers-ESP_028693_1535-CTX-EDM-PCF-LXTT-IPF-1.jpgUnnamed Southern Impact Crater with Colorful Layers (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga - Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)107 visiteThis image, obtained by the NASA - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (HiRISE Camera), shows us a wide portion of a relatively recent (geologically speaking, of course...) Impact Crater, located in the Southern Hemisphere of the Red Planet, and which is about 7 Km wide. Partway down from (but still quite close to) the Crater Rim, there is a prominent bright Layer of Bedrock. The full-resolution color data shows three distinct Bedrock colors: a pale yellow, a light greenish-gray and a very dark blue (almost black, in Absolute Natural Colors). These Layers should reasonably correspond to different types of Rock that, in time, were deposited as nearly flat-lying sheets; nobody can be sure, but - perhaps - this "colorful" Layering is a combination of Lava Flows and Sediments. The relatively blue and dark blue colors visible in the HiRISE InfraRed Color Frame (not shown here and which, in the Absolute Natural Colors' EDM - inset -, appear as greenish-gray and extremely dark blue to almost black) might correspond to Minerals like Olivine and Pyroxene, which can easily be found, among others, in some specific types of Lava.
Mars Local Time: 15:39 (Middle Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 26,092° South Lat. and 88,942° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 257,7 Km (such as about 161,0 miles)
Original image scale range: 51,6 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~ 1 mt and 55 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel
Map projection: EQUIRECTANGULAR
Emission Angle: 5,0°
Phase Angle: 66,0°
Solar Incidence Angle: 61° (meaning that the Sun was about 29° above the Local Horizon at the time the picture was taken)
Solar Longitude: 168,7° (Northern Summer - Southern Winter)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer Italia
These two pictures (which are a NASA - Original Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CTX b/w and EDM color frames, both identified by the serial n. ESP_028693_1535) have been additionally processed and then colorized (and re-colorized, respectively) in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and then looked down, towards the Surface of Mars), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team.MareKromiumOtt 12, 2012
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ESP_028367_2085-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgClay-rich Bedrock (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)85 visiteThis image covers an exposure of Clay-rich Bedrock on the "shore" of the Northern Plains, North of Mawrth Vallis. The relatively bright areas reveal a Complex Terrain with a wide range of textures and colors.MareKromiumOtt 03, 2012
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ESP_023094_1640_RED_NOMAP_browse-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgThe Wall of Coprates Chasma (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)156 visiteMars Local Time: 14:08 (Early Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 15,599° South Lat. and 300,540° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 258,8 Km (such as about 161,7 miles)
Original image scale range: 51,8 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~ 1 mt and 55 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel
Map projection: EQUIRECTANGULAR
Emission Angle: 6,9°
Sun - Mars - MRO (or "Phase") Angle: 37,9°
Solar Incidence Angle: 31° (meaning that the Sun is about 59° above the Local Horizon)
Solar Longitude: 320,3° (Northern Winter - Southern Summer)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary FoundationMareKromiumSet 10, 2012
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Craters-Gale_Crater-PIA16148-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgCuriosity Traverse Map through Sol 29 (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)129 visiteCaption NASA:"This Map shows the route driven by NASA's Mars rover Curiosity through the 29th Martian Day, or Sol, of the Rover's Mission on Mars (such as September 4, 2012). The route starts where the Mars Science Laboratory Spacecraft placed the Rover, a Site subsequently named "Bradbury Landing". The line extending toward the right (---> Eastward) from Bradbury Landing is the Rover's Path. Numbering of the dots along the line indicate the Sol number of each drive. North is up. The scale bar is 200 meters (656 feet).
By Sol 29, Curiosity had driven at total of 358 feet (such as 109 meters). At the location reached by the Sol 29 drive, the Rover began several Soles of Arm Characterization Activities. The "Glenelg Area", which is farther East, is the mission's first Major Science Destination, selected as likely to offer a good target for Curiosity's first analysis of powder collected by drilling into a Rock".MareKromiumSet 10, 2012
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Craters-Gale_Crater-ESP_028256_9022-EB-MF-LXTT-IPF.jpgFeatures of Gale Crater (Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Elisabetta Bonora and Marco Faccin/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)111 visitenessun commentoMareKromiumSet 03, 2012
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ESP_026356_1960_RED_NOMAP_browse-PCF-LXTT.jpgUnusually-looking Landforms near Grota Valles (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga - Lunexit Team)111 visiteThe Landforms visible in this observation are quite diverse, with a segment of the Cerberus Fossae (such as a deep Trough extending East-West) and Surrounding Terrain that has been eroded by some Fluid, either Water (actually Mud) or Lava. There are also many Boulders in places, either on steep Slopes or excavated by Impact Craters. The high Hills are Islands of older Terrain surrounded by younger Lavas.
Mars Local Time: 15:08 (Early Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 15,724° North Lat. and 162,022° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 281,3 Km (such as about 175,8 miles)
Original image scale range: 28,1 cm/pixel (with 1 x 1 binning) so objects ~ 84 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 25 cm/pixel
Map projection: EQUIRECTANGULAR
Emission Angle: 4,7°
Sun - Mars - MRO (or "Phase") Angle: 40,5°
Solar Incidence Angle: 45° (meaning that the Sun is about 45° above the Local Horizon)
Solar Longitude: 81,7° (Northern Spring - Southern Autumn)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer ItaliaMareKromiumLug 18, 2012
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ESP_027451_2635_RED-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgFeatures of the North Polar Regions (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunexit Team)99 visiteThere is an Ice-Sheet at the North Pole of Mars that is a few miles thick at its center. At some places (like in this image) it ends in steep Cliffs that can be about 800 meters (2600 feet) high.
The Slopes of these Cliffs are almost vertical, which causes "Slab-like Blocks" of Ice to periodically (and, actually, quite often) break off and crash down onto the Surrounding Plains.
A dense Network of Cracks covers these Icy Cliff faces, thus making it easier for these Blocks to break free. New piles of Debris (located at the base of many of these Cliffs) have appeared in successive HiRISE images, and so the MRO Team shall regularly monitor sites like this in order to check for new Blocks that might have fallen. Understanding how these Cliffs are formed can help Scientists to better understand the "Climatic Record" which are stored in the Ice-Sheet itself.
Mars Local Time: 13:44 (Early Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 83,618° North Lat. and 119,827° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 320,5 Km (such as about 200,3 miles)
Original image scale range: 32,1 cm/pixel (with 1 x 1 binning) so objects ~ 96 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 25 cm/pixel
Map projection: POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC
Emission Angle: 0,1°
Sun - Mars - MRO (or "Phase") Angle: 62,8°
Solar Incidence Angle: 63° (meaning that the Sun is about 27° above the Local Horizon)
Solar Longitude: 120,0° (Northern Summer - Southern Winter)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer ItaliaMareKromiumLug 18, 2012
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ESP_027378_2540-PCF-LXTT-IPF-1A.jpgNorthern Dunes (CTX Frame "A" - Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunexit Team)84 visiteThis Field of crescent-shaped Dunes (located at Lat. 73,62° North and 328,215° East Long.) is located just South of the North Polar Layered Terrain. These Dunes, known as "Barchan Dunes", usually form where there is a moderate supply of Sand and a Prevailing Wind Direction (meaning that they form in Regions where there are Dominant Winds). The "Arms" (or "Horns") of the Barchan Dunes point in the downwind direction and in this case this circumstance indicates that the Dominant Winds blow towards the North/West.
Mars Local Time: 14:42 (Early Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 73,622° North Lat. and 328,215° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 316,7 Km (such as about 198,0 miles)
Original image scale range: 63,4 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~ 1 mt and 90 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel
Map projection: POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC
Emission Angle: 1,9°
Sun - Mars - MRO (or "Phase") Angle: 57,6°
Solar Incidence Angle: 56° (meaning that the Sun is about 34° above the Local Horizon)
Solar Longitude: 117,4° (Northern Summer - Southern Winter)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer ItaliaMareKromiumLug 18, 2012
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ESP_027378_2540-PCF-LXTT-IPF-1B.jpgNorthern Dunes (CTX Frame "B" - Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunexit Team)88 visiteThis Field of crescent-shaped Dunes (located at Lat. 73,62° North and 328,215° East Long.) is located just South of the North Polar Layered Terrain. These Dunes, known as "Barchan Dunes", usually form where there is a moderate supply of Sand and a Prevailing Wind Direction (meaning that they form in Regions where there are Dominant Winds). The "Arms" (or "Horns") of the Barchan Dunes point in the downwind direction and in this case this circumstance indicates that the Dominant Winds blow towards the North/West.
Mars Local Time: 14:42 (Early Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 73,622° North Lat. and 328,215° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 316,7 Km (such as about 198,0 miles)
Original image scale range: 63,4 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~ 1 mt and 90 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel
Map projection: POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC
Emission Angle: 1,9°
Sun - Mars - MRO (or "Phase") Angle: 57,6°
Solar Incidence Angle: 56° (meaning that the Sun is about 34° above the Local Horizon)
Solar Longitude: 117,4° (Northern Summer - Southern Winter)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer ItaliaMareKromiumLug 18, 2012
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ESP_027378_2540-PCF-LXTT-IPF-2.jpgNorthern Dunes (EDM - Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunexit Team)84 visiteThe Dunes visible in this EDM are approximately 100 meters across and they are traversing a bumpy, hard Terrain. Polygonal Patterns are evident in some areas while numerous meter-scale Boulders are strewn throughout the whole Region. The Boulders are more numerous in areas where the Polygonal Patterns are less pronounced. Repeated imaging of this large Dunefield shall reveal whether these Dunes are presently moving (so-called "Migrating Dunes") or not.
Mars Local Time: 14:42 (Early Afternoon)
Coord. (centered): 73,622° North Lat. and 328,215° East Long.
Spacecraft altitude: 316,7 Km (such as about 198,0 miles)
Original image scale range: 63,4 cm/pixel (with 2 x 2 binning) so objects ~ 1 mt and 90 cm across are resolved
Map projected scale: 50 cm/pixel
Map projection: POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC
Emission Angle: 1,9°
Sun - Mars - MRO (or "Phase") Angle: 57,6°
Solar Incidence Angle: 56° (meaning that the Sun is about 34° above the Local Horizon)
Solar Longitude: 117,4° (Northern Summer - Southern Winter)
Credits: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
Additional process. and coloring: Lunar Explorer ItaliaMareKromiumLug 18, 2012
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