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Io-Galai_Patera-PIA00324-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgVolcanic Plains and Paterae on Io: Galai Patera (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)106 visiteIo's Volcanic Plains and at least 9 (nine) Paterae are shown, once again, in this really beautiful and highly suggestive NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe image, which spans an area of about 1030 Km (such as approx. 640 miles) from left to right. North is at about the 01:30 o'clock position on the frame. A number of active Volcanic Calderae and huge Lava Flows are visible here: the most important (both for size and activity) is the dark red "teardrop-shaped" Surface Feature visible near the center of the frame, slightly to the right, which is Galai Patera, an approx. 100-Km-long (such as about 62 miles) Lava-flooded Caldera (---> Collapsed Vent). As we have already mentioned in yesterday's APOD, the exact composition of Io's Volcanic Plains and Lava Flows has not been determined yet; however, the prevalent yellow, brown, and orange materials may consist, dominantly, of Sulphur, with Surface Frosts made of Sulphur Dioxide and Silicates (such as Basalt), encrusted with Sulphur and Sulphur Dioxide Condensates. The dark red (and, sometime, almost black) spots visible all around the frame, of course including Galai Patera, are hot Sulphur Lava Lakes, which may remain molten for a long time, thanks to the intrusions of molten Silicate Magma that (probably in an almost continuous way) comes up from deep inside Io. Finally, the whitish patches visible at the upper left corner, in the center and on the lower left side of the picture are, most likely, Fresh Deposits of Sulphur Dioxide Frost.
This picture (which is an Original NASA - Voyager 1 Space Proble color image mosaic published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the n. PIA 00324) has been additionally processed and then re-colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe and then looked outside, towards the limb of the Jovian moon Io), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among others, the existence of different Elements present on the Surface of Io, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromium10/08/20 at 11:28MareKromium: Si. E, magari, Forme Vitali capaci di metabolizzar...
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Io-Galai_Patera-PIA00324-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgVolcanic Plains and Paterae on Io: Galai Patera (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)106 visiteIo's Volcanic Plains and at least 9 (nine) Paterae are shown, once again, in this really beautiful and highly suggestive NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe image, which spans an area of about 1030 Km (such as approx. 640 miles) from left to right. North is at about the 01:30 o'clock position on the frame. A number of active Volcanic Calderae and huge Lava Flows are visible here: the most important (both for size and activity) is the dark red "teardrop-shaped" Surface Feature visible near the center of the frame, slightly to the right, which is Galai Patera, an approx. 100-Km-long (such as about 62 miles) Lava-flooded Caldera (---> Collapsed Vent). As we have already mentioned in yesterday's APOD, the exact composition of Io's Volcanic Plains and Lava Flows has not been determined yet; however, the prevalent yellow, brown, and orange materials may consist, dominantly, of Sulphur, with Surface Frosts made of Sulphur Dioxide and Silicates (such as Basalt), encrusted with Sulphur and Sulphur Dioxide Condensates. The dark red (and, sometime, almost black) spots visible all around the frame, of course including Galai Patera, are hot Sulphur Lava Lakes, which may remain molten for a long time, thanks to the intrusions of molten Silicate Magma that (probably in an almost continuous way) comes up from deep inside Io. Finally, the whitish patches visible at the upper left corner, in the center and on the lower left side of the picture are, most likely, Fresh Deposits of Sulphur Dioxide Frost.
This picture (which is an Original NASA - Voyager 1 Space Proble color image mosaic published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the n. PIA 00324) has been additionally processed and then re-colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe and then looked outside, towards the limb of the Jovian moon Io), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among others, the existence of different Elements present on the Surface of Io, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromium10/07/20 at 20:46walthari: plausibilissimo....
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Io-Loki_Patera-PIA00320-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgVolcanic Plains and Paterae on Io: Loki Patera (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)94 visiteA huge area of Io's Volcanic Plains is well shown in this mosaic of pictures taken by the NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe. Numerous Volcanic Calderas and Lava Flows are visible here, including the Loki Patera (an active Lava Lake), which is the large shield-shaped and dark red Surface Feature visible in the lower right portion of the mosaic. As a matter of fact, the (sometime) intense light emitted from the Lava that boils inside Loki Patera can even be seen through telescopes, all the way from Earth, and these observations tell us that Loki has been active continuously (or at least every time an astronomer took a good look at it...) since the Voyager 1 Fly-By, which occurred in the month of March of the AD 1979.
The composition of Io's Volcanic Plains and Lava Flows has not been completely determined yet but, in the light of the information that we already possess (and, in particular, once we duly consider the orange-yellow color that can be seen over most of the Surface of Io), it is reasonable to say that they could dominantly consist of Sulphur, with Surface Frosts made of Sulphur Dioxide, Silicates (such as Basalts) encrusted with Sulphur and Sulphur Dioxide Condensates. The bright whitish patches, on the other hand, could probably consist of freshly deposited Sulphur Dioxide Frost. The dark red (and, sometime, almost black) spots, including Loki, are hot Sulphur Lava Lakes, which may remain molten even for a long time, thanks to the intrusions of molten Silicate Magma that (probably in an almost continuous way) comes up from deep inside Io. However, the very ultimate source of heat that keeps Io active, must be the Tidal (Frictional) Heating, due to the perpetual flexure of Io that is caused by the powerful Gravitational Influence of both Jupiter and Europa.
This picture (which is an Original NASA - Voyager 1 Space Proble color image mosaic published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the n. PIA 00320) has been additionally processed and then re-colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe and then looked outside, towards the limb of the Jovian moon Io), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among others, the existence of different Elements present on the Surface of Io, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromium10/07/20 at 20:45walthari: Titano senz'altro....e chiss? quali organismi;...
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Io-Galai_Patera-PIA00324-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgVolcanic Plains and Paterae on Io: Galai Patera (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)106 visiteIo's Volcanic Plains and at least 9 (nine) Paterae are shown, once again, in this really beautiful and highly suggestive NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe image, which spans an area of about 1030 Km (such as approx. 640 miles) from left to right. North is at about the 01:30 o'clock position on the frame. A number of active Volcanic Calderae and huge Lava Flows are visible here: the most important (both for size and activity) is the dark red "teardrop-shaped" Surface Feature visible near the center of the frame, slightly to the right, which is Galai Patera, an approx. 100-Km-long (such as about 62 miles) Lava-flooded Caldera (---> Collapsed Vent). As we have already mentioned in yesterday's APOD, the exact composition of Io's Volcanic Plains and Lava Flows has not been determined yet; however, the prevalent yellow, brown, and orange materials may consist, dominantly, of Sulphur, with Surface Frosts made of Sulphur Dioxide and Silicates (such as Basalt), encrusted with Sulphur and Sulphur Dioxide Condensates. The dark red (and, sometime, almost black) spots visible all around the frame, of course including Galai Patera, are hot Sulphur Lava Lakes, which may remain molten for a long time, thanks to the intrusions of molten Silicate Magma that (probably in an almost continuous way) comes up from deep inside Io. Finally, the whitish patches visible at the upper left corner, in the center and on the lower left side of the picture are, most likely, Fresh Deposits of Sulphur Dioxide Frost.
This picture (which is an Original NASA - Voyager 1 Space Proble color image mosaic published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the n. PIA 00324) has been additionally processed and then re-colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe and then looked outside, towards the limb of the Jovian moon Io), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among others, the existence of different Elements present on the Surface of Io, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromium10/07/20 at 20:29MareKromium: O magari, secondo Voi, esistono "estremofili&...
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Io-Loki_Patera-PIA00320-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgVolcanic Plains and Paterae on Io: Loki Patera (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)94 visiteA huge area of Io's Volcanic Plains is well shown in this mosaic of pictures taken by the NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe. Numerous Volcanic Calderas and Lava Flows are visible here, including the Loki Patera (an active Lava Lake), which is the large shield-shaped and dark red Surface Feature visible in the lower right portion of the mosaic. As a matter of fact, the (sometime) intense light emitted from the Lava that boils inside Loki Patera can even be seen through telescopes, all the way from Earth, and these observations tell us that Loki has been active continuously (or at least every time an astronomer took a good look at it...) since the Voyager 1 Fly-By, which occurred in the month of March of the AD 1979.
The composition of Io's Volcanic Plains and Lava Flows has not been completely determined yet but, in the light of the information that we already possess (and, in particular, once we duly consider the orange-yellow color that can be seen over most of the Surface of Io), it is reasonable to say that they could dominantly consist of Sulphur, with Surface Frosts made of Sulphur Dioxide, Silicates (such as Basalts) encrusted with Sulphur and Sulphur Dioxide Condensates. The bright whitish patches, on the other hand, could probably consist of freshly deposited Sulphur Dioxide Frost. The dark red (and, sometime, almost black) spots, including Loki, are hot Sulphur Lava Lakes, which may remain molten even for a long time, thanks to the intrusions of molten Silicate Magma that (probably in an almost continuous way) comes up from deep inside Io. However, the very ultimate source of heat that keeps Io active, must be the Tidal (Frictional) Heating, due to the perpetual flexure of Io that is caused by the powerful Gravitational Influence of both Jupiter and Europa.
This picture (which is an Original NASA - Voyager 1 Space Proble color image mosaic published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the n. PIA 00320) has been additionally processed and then re-colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe and then looked outside, towards the limb of the Jovian moon Io), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among others, the existence of different Elements present on the Surface of Io, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromium10/07/20 at 20:29MareKromium: ...E cosa "vive" nei laghi, fiumi e mari...
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Io-Loki_Patera-PIA00320-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgVolcanic Plains and Paterae on Io: Loki Patera (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)94 visiteA huge area of Io's Volcanic Plains is well shown in this mosaic of pictures taken by the NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe. Numerous Volcanic Calderas and Lava Flows are visible here, including the Loki Patera (an active Lava Lake), which is the large shield-shaped and dark red Surface Feature visible in the lower right portion of the mosaic. As a matter of fact, the (sometime) intense light emitted from the Lava that boils inside Loki Patera can even be seen through telescopes, all the way from Earth, and these observations tell us that Loki has been active continuously (or at least every time an astronomer took a good look at it...) since the Voyager 1 Fly-By, which occurred in the month of March of the AD 1979.
The composition of Io's Volcanic Plains and Lava Flows has not been completely determined yet but, in the light of the information that we already possess (and, in particular, once we duly consider the orange-yellow color that can be seen over most of the Surface of Io), it is reasonable to say that they could dominantly consist of Sulphur, with Surface Frosts made of Sulphur Dioxide, Silicates (such as Basalts) encrusted with Sulphur and Sulphur Dioxide Condensates. The bright whitish patches, on the other hand, could probably consist of freshly deposited Sulphur Dioxide Frost. The dark red (and, sometime, almost black) spots, including Loki, are hot Sulphur Lava Lakes, which may remain molten even for a long time, thanks to the intrusions of molten Silicate Magma that (probably in an almost continuous way) comes up from deep inside Io. However, the very ultimate source of heat that keeps Io active, must be the Tidal (Frictional) Heating, due to the perpetual flexure of Io that is caused by the powerful Gravitational Influence of both Jupiter and Europa.
This picture (which is an Original NASA - Voyager 1 Space Proble color image mosaic published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the n. PIA 00320) has been additionally processed and then re-colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe and then looked outside, towards the limb of the Jovian moon Io), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among others, the existence of different Elements present on the Surface of Io, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromium10/06/20 at 20:43walthari: non sottovalutiamo infatti la possibilit? di vita ...
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Io-Loki_Patera-PIA00320-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgVolcanic Plains and Paterae on Io: Loki Patera (Absolute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)94 visiteA huge area of Io's Volcanic Plains is well shown in this mosaic of pictures taken by the NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe. Numerous Volcanic Calderas and Lava Flows are visible here, including the Loki Patera (an active Lava Lake), which is the large shield-shaped and dark red Surface Feature visible in the lower right portion of the mosaic. As a matter of fact, the (sometime) intense light emitted from the Lava that boils inside Loki Patera can even be seen through telescopes, all the way from Earth, and these observations tell us that Loki has been active continuously (or at least every time an astronomer took a good look at it...) since the Voyager 1 Fly-By, which occurred in the month of March of the AD 1979.
The composition of Io's Volcanic Plains and Lava Flows has not been completely determined yet but, in the light of the information that we already possess (and, in particular, once we duly consider the orange-yellow color that can be seen over most of the Surface of Io), it is reasonable to say that they could dominantly consist of Sulphur, with Surface Frosts made of Sulphur Dioxide, Silicates (such as Basalts) encrusted with Sulphur and Sulphur Dioxide Condensates. The bright whitish patches, on the other hand, could probably consist of freshly deposited Sulphur Dioxide Frost. The dark red (and, sometime, almost black) spots, including Loki, are hot Sulphur Lava Lakes, which may remain molten even for a long time, thanks to the intrusions of molten Silicate Magma that (probably in an almost continuous way) comes up from deep inside Io. However, the very ultimate source of heat that keeps Io active, must be the Tidal (Frictional) Heating, due to the perpetual flexure of Io that is caused by the powerful Gravitational Influence of both Jupiter and Europa.
This picture (which is an Original NASA - Voyager 1 Space Proble color image mosaic published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the n. PIA 00320) has been additionally processed and then re-colorized in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Voyager 1 Space Probe and then looked outside, towards the limb of the Jovian moon Io), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among others, the existence of different Elements present on the Surface of Io, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromium10/06/20 at 20:29MareKromium: Ragazzi, ma abbandoniamo Marte per un p? ed andiam...
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Io-Southern Limb and light-PIA02250.jpgThe Southern Limb of Io and a possible "Transient Phoenomenon"65 visiteUn'immagine interessantissima del bordo dell'emisfero sud di Io. Elevatissimo dettaglio e grande suggestione del paesaggio. Io è un mondo violento ed in costante tumulto: il numero di vulcani attivi su questo Pianeta è elevatissimo (gli ultimi dati in nostro possesso parlavano di 6 vulcani attivi contemporaneamente), dunque non ci meravigliamo se vediamo delle flares, come quella alla Dx di questo frame, splendere nel buio. Potrebbe trattarsi di un outgassing: un classico fenomeno transitorio.
Original caption:"NASA's Galileo spacecraft captured this dramatic image of mountains on Io in February 2000. The image was taken when the Sun was low in the sky, illuminating the scene from the left, so it reveals topographic details of Io's surface. A low scarp, roughly 250 meters (820 feet) high, runs from the upper left toward the center of the image. Mongibello Mons, the jagged ridge at the left of the image, rises 7 kilometers (23,000 feet) above the plains of Io, higher than any mountain in North America. Few of Io's mountains (see also PIA02526) resemble volcanoes. Instead, Galileo scientists believe that the mountains are formed when blocks of Io's crust are uplifted along thrust faults. Angular mountains are thought to be younger, while older mountains have more subdued topography, such as the rise near the top center of this image.
The image has a resolution of 335 meters (1,100 feet) per picture element. North is to the top of the image.
05/03/20 at 17:29MareKromium: Il frame Original B/W non chiarisce l'enigma, ...
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Io-SouthernLimbandlight-PIA02250.jpgThe Southern limb of Io58 visitenessun commentoMareKromium05/03/20 at 17:27MareKromium: In basso a Dx: Stella solitaria, altra Luna Giovia...
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Callisto-PIA02277-PCF-LXTT-IPF.jpgValhalla! (Absokute Natural Colors; credits for the additional process. and color.: Dr Paolo C. Fienga/Lunar Explorer Italia/Italian Planetary Foundation)73 visiteThis picture of the gigantic Multi-Ring Impact Basin named "Valhalla" and located on the Jovian moon Callisto, was taken by the NASA - Voyager 1 Spacecraft in the morning of March 6, of the AD 1979, at a distance of about 200.000 Km (such as approx. 124.000 miles) from the Surface of the farthermost of the 4 (four) so-called "Galilean" Natural Satellites (or moons) of the Gas-Giant Planet Jupiter. The complicated Circular Structure which characterizes Valhalla is, in a way (and according to NASA), relatively similar to other large Circular Impact Basins that can be seen on the Surface of the Earth's Moon as well as on the Planet Mercury but, as we already wrote and underlined in the past, we, as IPF, do believe that a true and strong resemblance between Valhalla and another Multi-Ring Impact Basin can only be found with the huge Tyre Crater; a Multi-Ring Impact Crater that is located, as you know, on the Jovian moon Europa.
Usually, the inner portions of these Multi-Ring Impact Basins are generally surrounded by Radially Lineated Ejecta and several Concentric Mountainous Ring Structures, which are thought to have formed during the Impact Event itself. However, the Callistoan Valhalla Multi-Ring Impact Basin consists of a Light-Floored Central Basin, that is approx. 300 Km (such as a little more than 186 miles) in diameter, surrounded by at least 8 (eight) to 10 (ten) discontinuous and rhythmically spaced Ridges, but no Radially Lineated Ejecta can be seen. In any case, the great number of Rings observed around Valhalla is a fact which is consistent with the hypothesis that Callisto possesses a very low Planetary Density and, also, a low internal strength. Furthermore, if you look carefully on the upper right side of the frame, at about 2 o'clock, a beautiful and extremely long and regular Catena (---> Chain of Craters, probably originated by a Cometary Strike or a Meteor that was heavily fragmented at the time of the Impact) can be seen.
This frame (which is an Original NASA - Voyager 1 Spacecraft b/w image published on the NASA - Planetary Photojournal with the ID n. PIA 02277) has been additionally processed and then colorized, according to an educated guess, by Dr Paolo C. Fienga (LXTT-IPF), in Absolute Natural Colors (such as the colors that a human eye would actually perceive if someone were onboard the NASA - Voyager 1 Spacecraft and then looked outside, towards the Jovian moon Callisto), by using an original technique created - and, in time, dramatically improved - by the Lunar Explorer Italia Team. Different colors, as well as different shades of the same color, mean, among others, the existence of different Elements present on the Surface of Callisto, each having a different Albedo (---> Reflectivity) and Chemical Composition.MareKromium03/02/20 at 18:38MareKromium: E forse era anche semi-liquida (parzialmente ghiac...
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Callisto-HR-02.jpgCallisto: South Pole and Southern Hemisphere (HR) - detail mgnf54 visitenessun commento03/02/20 at 18:37MareKromium: Questa ? una Sfera di Ghiaccio bombardata dalle Er...
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Callisto-HR-01.jpgCallisto: North Pole and Northern Hemisphere (HR) - detail mgnf116 visitenessun commento03/02/20 at 18:37MareKromium: Carattersitiche superficiali che suggeriscono ghia...
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